[Tex/LaTex] how to draw circles inside circles

tikz-pgf

I'm learning how to use TikZ/PGF. I want to draw this picture :

enter image description here

Here's how I began :

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[frenchb]{babel}  
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric,arrows,positioning,fit,calc,}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \node (sun) at (0,0) [circle, fill=yellow, radius=0.3cm]{};
        \node (sunlabel) [above=0.08 of sun]{Sun};
        \node (root) at (0,0) [draw, circle, radius=3cm]{};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

The problem is that the second circle is not drawn. I don't know what's the problem. This syntax work but I don't know how to give a name to the circles and how to fill a circle with a color. 

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[frenchb]{babel}  
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric,arrows,positioning,fit,calc,}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \draw (0,0) circle [radius=.3cm, fill=yellow];
        \draw (0,0) circle [radius=2cm];
         \path[
            %rotate=-15.2,
            postaction={
                decoration={
                    text along path,
                    text={%
                        OORT CLOUD
                    },
                    text align=center,
                    reverse path
                },
                decorate
            }
        ]
         (-27:2.2cm) arc (-27:210:2.2cm);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Best Answer

You will need to put the accented characters in braces in the circle label because PGF will split the string into tokens and will therefore split the accents from the characters, which leads to weird errors.

I translated the labels to french to emphasize the behaviour (I don't speak french, so I hope I didn't make too many mistakes).

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenx}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.text}
\begin{document}
\sffamily
\begin{tikzpicture}[
        white,
        ultra thick,
        planet/.style = {draw,fill,circle,inner sep=#1},
        circle label/.style = {
            postaction={
                decoration={
                    text along path,
                    text = {#1},
                    text align=center,
                    text color=white,
                    reverse path,
                },
            decorate,
        }
        }
    ]
    \filldraw[black] (-7,-7) rectangle (7,8);
    \node at (0,7.5) {\bfseries\Large Voisins les plus proches du soleil};
    \path[circle label={Nuage d'Oort}] (0,-1.2) arc (-90:360-90:1.2);
    \draw[dotted] (0,0) circle (1);
    \foreach \i in {2,4,6} {
        \path[circle label={\i\ Ann{é}e lumi{è}res}] (0,-\i-.2) arc (-90:360-90:\i+.2);
        \draw (0,0) circle (\i);
    }
    \node[yellow,planet=3pt,label={above:Soleil}] at (0,0) {};
    \node[red,planet=3pt,label={[text width=1.5cm,align=right]0:Proxima Centauri déc.\ 1917}] at (44:4.3) {};
    \node[yellow,planet=4pt,label={[text width=2.5cm,align=center]90:Alpha Centauri déc.\ 1917}] at (50:4.3) {};
    \node[red!50!black,planet=2pt,label={[text width=2.5cm,align=center]0:WISE 1049-5319 déc.\ 2013}] at (54:6.3) {};
    \node[red!50!black,planet=2pt] at (57:6.3) {};
    \node[red,planet=3pt,label={[text width=3cm,align=center]95:L'étoile de Bernard déc.\ 1916}] at (125:6) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

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