[Tex/LaTex] Drawing coaxial cables: TikZ or pstricks

3dpstrickstikz-pgf

enter image description here
I want to draw this. I don't find any way to do

I can draw some things… but it's so bad! and it's not realistic! please HELP…

\begin{document}
\newcommand\innenleiter[3]{%
\tikzset{Cylin/.style={cylinder, draw, cylinder uses custom fill,
 cylinder end fill = brown, cylinder body fill = brown, minimum height =2cm,
 minimum width = 0.5cm, opacity = 1, aspect = 2.5}}
\node[Cylin] (#3) at (#1,#2) {};
 }
 \newcommand\dielektrikum[3]{%
 \tikzset{Cylin/.style={cylinder, draw, cylinder uses custom fill,
 cylinder end fill = gray, cylinder body fill = gray, minimum height =3cm,
 minimum width = 2cm, opacity = 1, aspect = 2.5}}
 \node[Cylin] (#3) at (#1,#2) {}; 
 }

\newcommand\aussenleiter[3]{%
\tikzset{Cylin/.style={cylinder, draw, cylinder uses custom fill,
cylinder end fill = brown, cylinder body fill = brown, minimum height =3cm,
minimum width = 3cm, opacity = 1, aspect = 2.5}}
\node[Cylin] (#3) at (#1,#2) {};
}

\newcommand\mantel[3]{%
\tikzset{Cylin/.style={cylinder, draw, cylinder uses custom fill,
cylinder end fill = black, cylinder body fill = black, minimum height =3cm,
minimum width = 4cm, opacity = 1, aspect = 2.5}}
\node[Cylin] (#3) at (#1,#2) {};
}

\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\tikzset{>=latex}
\draw[->] (1,0,0)--(2,0,0) node[right] {$x$};
\draw[->] (0,1,0)--(0,2,0) node[right] {$y$};
\draw[->] (0,0,1)--(0,0,2) node[left] {$z$};

\begin{scope}[canvas is zy plane at x=4]
    \mantel{0}{0}{};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[canvas is zy plane at x=6]
    \aussenleiter{0}{0}{};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[canvas is zy plane at x=8.4]
    \dielektrikum{0}{0}{};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[canvas is zy plane at x=10.4]
    \innenleiter{0}{0}{};
\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Best Answer

This should be a starting point. I am colour blind at the moment.

\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes.geometric,calc}
\tikzset{my cylinder/.style={cylinder, cylinder uses custom fill,rotate=-30,outer sep=0pt}
}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\node [my cylinder,shape aspect=1,minimum width=5mm,minimum height=1cm, cylinder body fill=lightgray!20,cylinder end fill=lightgray!50] (c1) at (0,0){};
\node [my cylinder,shape aspect=0.7,minimum width=4mm,minimum height=1cm, cylinder body fill=red!20,cylinder end fill=red!50,anchor=west,xshift=-0.5mm] (c2) at ($(c1.after top)!0.5!(c1.before top)$){};
\node [my cylinder,shape aspect=0.5,minimum width=3mm,minimum height=1cm, cylinder body fill=magenta!20,cylinder end fill=magenta!50,anchor=west,xshift=-0.5mm] (c3) at ($(c2.after top)!0.5!(c2.before top)$){};
\node [my cylinder,shape aspect=0.4,minimum width=2mm,minimum height=1cm, cylinder body fill=blue!20,cylinder end fill=blue!50,anchor=west,xshift=-0.25mm] (c4) at ($(c3.after top)!0.5!(c3.before top)$){};
\draw (c1.north) -- +(60:0.5cm)node[font=\tiny,pos=1.2]{4};
\draw ([yshift=-1mm]c2.base) -- +(240:0.5cm)node[font=\tiny,pos=1.2]{3};
\draw ([yshift=1mm]c3.center) -- +(60:0.5cm)node[font=\tiny,pos=1.2]{2};
\draw ([yshift=-1mm]c4.base) -- +(240:0.5cm)node[font=\tiny,pos=1.2]{1};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

Again adjust colours and fadings.

\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[]
\clip (-2,-1.1) rectangle (1,1.5);
\begin{scope}[rotate=-30]
\fill[gray!30] (-3,-1) rectangle (0,1);
\fill[gray!20] (0,0) circle(1cm);
\begin{scope}
\clip(0,0) circle(1cm);
\fill[gray!40] (-3,-0.2) rectangle (0,0.2);
\fill[gray!50] (0,0) circle(2mm);
\end{scope}
\draw[-stealth] (120:1) -- node[right,font=\tiny]{$U$}(120:0.2);
\draw[stealth-] ([yshift=-0.5\pgflinewidth]0,1) -- node[above,font=\tiny]{$I$}([yshift=-0.5\pgflinewidth]0.5,1);
\draw[-stealth] ([yshift=-0.5\pgflinewidth]0,0) -- node[above,font=\tiny]{$I$}([yshift=-0.5\pgflinewidth]0.5,0);
\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Rotate a node but not its content: the case of the ellipse decoration

The source of the difficulty is that ellipses are constructed in a particular way in TikZ. They are paths that start from the x-axis and proceed counter-clockwise around their centre. The vast majority of the time, the exact parametrisation doesn't matter. You appear to have found the one situation where it does!

In the actual question, you only want to be able to mirror the ellipse, and so draw it starting from the negative x-axis (the title of the question suggests a more flexible approach). That's actually not too hard since we can exploit the symmetry of the ellipse. The key is to provide it with a negative x-radius, since then it will start from the negative x-axis (and proceed clockwise, but we could correct for that by negating the y-radius as well). To do this, we interrupt the call from the node shape to the drawing command and flip the sign of the x-radius. The simplest way to do this is to redefine the \pgfpathellipse macro to do the negation and then call the original macro. The following code does this.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations,shapes,decorations.markings}
\makeatletter
\let\origpgfpathellipse=\pgfpathellipse
\def\revpgfpathellipse#1#2#3{%
  #2%
  \pgf@xa=-\pgf@x
  \origpgfpathellipse{#1}{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xa}{0pt}}{#3}}
\makeatother

\tikzset{
  reversed ellipse/.style={
    ellipse,
    reverse the ellipse%
  },
  reverse the ellipse/.code={
    \let\pgfpathellipse=\revpgfpathellipse
  }
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[ellipse,
  draw,
  postaction={
    decorate,
    decoration={
      markings,
      mark=at position 1 with {
        \arrow[line width=5pt,blue]{>}
      }
    }
  }
] at (0,0) {hello world};

\node[reversed ellipse,
  draw,
  postaction={
    decorate,
    decoration={
      markings,
      mark=at position 1 with {
        \arrow[line width=5pt,blue]{>}
      }
    }
  }
] at (0,-2) {hello world};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Here's the result:

rotated ellipse

(the arrow got clipped, but you can see where it lies)

[Tex/LaTex] Drawing 3D crystal lattice with tikz/pstricks

Here's an Asymptote solution:

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{asymptote}

\begin{document}

\begin{asy}[width=10cm,height=10cm]
import three;

currentprojection=perspective(300,-650,500,center=true);


// define two types of ions
surface iona = scale3(20)*unitsphere;
surface ionb = scale3(25)*unitsphere;

// surface properties and color of the ions
material White = material(diffusepen=gray(0.4),emissivepen=gray(0.6));
material Red = material(diffusepen=red,emissivepen=lightred);

// style of lines connecting ions
pen thick=linewidth(2);

for(int x=-1; x<2; ++x) {
  for(int y=-1; y<2; ++y) {
    for(int z=-1; z<2; ++z) {
      draw(shift(100*(x,y,z))*iona,White);
    }
  }
}

for(int x=-1; x<2; ++x) {
  for(int y=-1; y<2; ++y) {
    for(int z=-1; z<2; ++z) {
      if(x<1) draw(100*(x,y,z)--100*(x+1,y,z),thick);
      if(y<1) draw(100*(x,y,z)--100*(x,y+1,z),thick);
      if(z<1) draw(100*(x,y,z)--100*(x,y,z+1),thick);
    }
  }
}

for(int x=-1; x<2; x+=2) {
  for(int y=-1; y<2; y+=2) {
    for(int z=-1; z<2; z+=2) {
      draw(shift(50*(x,y,z))*ionb,Red);
    }
  }
}
\end{asy}


\end{document}

To compile, first run pdflatex on the file, then asy on the generated .asy file, finally pdflatex once or twice again.

crystal lattice

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Rotate a node but not its content: the case of the ellipse decoration

[Tex/LaTex] Drawing 3D crystal lattice with tikz/pstricks

Related Question