For citations as in C, you could write \parencite[Kap.~4]{testart} or \parencite[5]{testart} (see examples below).
Note that you should use the citation macros with curly braces, so use \cite{MeierMüller2003} not \cite MeierMüller2003.
To change the andothers string from u. a to et al., you need to edit the localisation strings. Just put the following two lines after \DeclareLanguageMapping{ngerman}{ngerman-apa} in your document.
\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{%
andothers ={et\addabbrvspace al\adddot},
andmore ={et\addabbrvspace al\adddot},
}
Alternatively, you can create a file with the following content and save it under ngerman-apaed.lbx in the directory your .tex document is located.
\ProvidesFile{ngerman-apaed.lbx}
\InheritBibliographyExtras{ngerman-apa}% extras are inherited from ngerman ...
\DeclareBibliographyStrings{%
inherit = {ngerman-apa},% .... as well as all the keys
andothers = {{et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}{et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}},
andmore = {{et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}{et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}},
}
You then modify the line \DeclareLanguageMapping{ngerman}{ngerman-apa} to \DeclareLanguageMapping{ngerman}{ngerman-apaed}.
MWE
\documentclass[ngerman, a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[style=apa,sortcites=true,sorting=nyt,backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\DeclareLanguageMapping{ngerman}{ngerman-apa}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{%
andothers ={et\addabbrvspace al\adddot},
andmore ={et\addabbrvspace al\adddot},
}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@article{testartlong,
author = {Arnold Uthor and William Riter and Rita Esearcher and Steven C. Ientist and Stuart Udent and Peter R. Ofessor and Lewis E. C. Turer},
title = {A Very Interesting Article},
journal = {Journal of Articles},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
page = {1-5},
date = {2010},
}
@article{testart,
author = {Arnold Uthor and William Riter},
title = {A Very Interesting Article},
journal = {Journal of Articles},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
page = {1-5},
date = {2010},
}
@book{testbook,
author = {Walter Ordsmith},
editor = {Eddie Ditor},
title = {The Work},
subtitle = {Subtitle},
date = {1983},
}
@online{testonline,
author = {Bernie Logger},
title = {A Very Opinionated Blog Post},
url = {http://example.com},
year = {2013},
}
\end{filecontents}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{rl}
\verb|\cite{testart}| & \cite{testart}\\
\verb|\textcite{testart}| & \textcite{testart}\\
\verb|\parencite{testart}| & \parencite{testart}\\
\verb|\parencite[Kap.~4]{testart}| & \parencite[Kap.~4]{testart}\\
\verb|\parencite[15]{testart}| & \parencite[15]{testart}
\end{tabular}
\parencite{testartlong} and \parencite[5]{testbook}
\nocite{*}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
Edit
For multiple citations within one pair of parentheses use \parencites or \parencite.
\parencites(Herzkreislauf;)()[34]{testartlong}[Kap.~4]{testbook} yields (Herzkreislauf; Uthor et al., 2010, S. 34; Ordsmith, 1983, Kap. 4); \parencites[Pre][Post]{testartlong,testbook} gives us (Pre Ordsmith, 1983; Uthor et al., 2010, Post).
See also sections 3.7 to 3.7.6 of the BibLaTeX documentation
By default, biblatex does not seem to support a supervisor, so some changes have to be made, but we can keep these changes to a minimum.
Firstly, we define the new name list supervisor via a new datamodel (thesis.dbx)
\ProvidesFile{thesis.dbx}[2014/06/14 supervisor for theses]
\RequireBiber[3]
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list,datatype=name]{supervisor}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[thesis]{supervisor}
Save the lines above in a file called thesis.dbx and put it somewhere LaTeX can find it.
In the MWE below, this is done automatically via filecontents.
The datamodel needs to be loaded via the datamodel option (datamodel=thesis, e.g. \usepackage[style=authoryear,backend=biber,datamodel=thesis]{biblatex}).
Secondly, we need to declare the new strings you asked for in an .lbx file (the file should be called english-thesis.lbx)
\ProvidesFile{english-thesis.lbx}[2014/06/14 english for thesis]
\InheritBibliographyExtras{english}
\NewBibliographyString{supervision,jointsupervision}
\DeclareBibliographyStrings{%
inherit = {english},
supervision = {{under the supervision of}{under sup\adddotspace of}},
jointsupervision = {{under the joint supervision of}{under joint sup\adddotspace of}},
}
Make sure to save the file somewhere LaTeX can find it (as above: in the MWE below, the file is created with filecontents).
We then employ this language variant via \DeclareLanguageMapping{english}{english-thesis}.
Finally, we define a new bibmacro
\newbibmacro*{thesissupervisor}{%
\ifnameundef{supervisor}{}{%
\ifnumgreater{\value{supervisor}}{1}
{\bibstring{jointsupervision}}
{\bibstring{supervision}}
\printnames{supervisor}}}
that prints the supervisor and the introducing string depending on the number of supervisors.
We then patch the @thesis driver to use our new macro (that is done with the awesome xpatch package).
\xpatchbibdriver{thesis}
{\printfield{type}}
{\printfield{type}
\newunit
\usebibmacro{thesissupervisor}}
{\typeout{yep}}
{\typeout{no}}
The supervisor is now simply added to the supervisor field like so
@thesis{geer,
author = {de Geer, Ingrid},
title = {Earl, Saint, Bishop, Skald~-- and Music},
type = {phdthesis},
institution = {Uppsala Universitet},
date = 1985,
subtitle = {The Orkney Earldom of the Twelfth Century. A Musicological
Study},
location = {Uppsala},
supervisor = {James Oint and Stan Upervisor},
}
MWE
\documentclass[british,12pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@thesis{geer,
author = {de Geer, Ingrid},
title = {Earl, Saint, Bishop, Skald~-- and Music},
type = {phdthesis},
institution = {Uppsala Universitet},
date = 1985,
subtitle = {The Orkney Earldom of the Twelfth Century. A Musicological
Study},
location = {Uppsala},
supervisor = {James Oint and Stan Upervisor},
}
@thesis{loh,
author = {Loh, Nin C.},
title = {High-Resolution Micromachined Interferometric Accelerometer},
type = {mathesis},
institution = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
date = 1992,
location = {Cambridge, Mass.},
supervisor = {Stan Upervisor},
}
\end{filecontents*}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage{xpatch}
\usepackage[style=authoryear,backend=biber,datamodel=thesis]{biblatex}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\begin{filecontents*}{thesis.dbx}
\ProvidesFile{thesis.dbx}[2014/06/14 supervisor for theses]
\RequireBiber[3]
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list,datatype=name]{supervisor}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[thesis]{supervisor}
\end{filecontents*}
\begin{filecontents*}{english-thesis.lbx}
\ProvidesFile{english-thesis.lbx}[2014/06/14 english for thesis]
\InheritBibliographyExtras{english}
\NewBibliographyString{supervision,jointsupervision}
\DeclareBibliographyStrings{%
inherit = {english},
supervision = {{under the supervision of}{under sup\adddotspace of}},
jointsupervision = {{under the joint supervision of}{under joint sup\adddotspace of}},
}
\end{filecontents*}
\DeclareLanguageMapping{english}{english-thesis}
\newbibmacro*{thesissupervisor}{%
\ifnameundef{supervisor}{}{%
\ifnumgreater{\value{supervisor}}{1}
{\bibstring{jointsupervision}}
{\bibstring{supervision}}
\printnames{supervisor}}}
\xpatchbibdriver{thesis}
{\printfield{type}}
{\printfield{type}
\newunit
\usebibmacro{thesissupervisor}}
{\typeout{yep}}
{\typeout{no}}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\nocite{*}
\begin{document}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
If you cannot create the new name list supervisor, you could try and abuse the editor field, then there is no need for the .dbx file.
This solution should work with BibTeX as well.
The macros thesissupervisor becomes
\newbibmacro*{thesissupervisor}{%
\ifnameundef{editor}{}{%
\ifnumgreater{\value{editor}}{1}
{\bibstring{jointsupervision}}
{\bibstring{supervision}}
\printnames{editor}}}
You then give the supervisor in the editor field in the bib entry like so
@thesis{geer,
author = {de Geer, Ingrid},
title = {Earl, Saint, Bishop, Skald~-- and Music},
type = {phdthesis},
institution = {Uppsala Universitet},
date = 1985,
subtitle = {The Orkney Earldom of the Twelfth Century. A Musicological
Study},
location = {Uppsala},
editor = {James Oint and Stan Upervisor},
}
MWE
\documentclass[british,12pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@thesis{geer,
author = {de Geer, Ingrid},
title = {Earl, Saint, Bishop, Skald~-- and Music},
type = {phdthesis},
institution = {Uppsala Universitet},
date = 1985,
subtitle = {The Orkney Earldom of the Twelfth Century. A Musicological
Study},
location = {Uppsala},
editor = {James Oint and Stan Upervisor},
}
@thesis{loh,
author = {Loh, Nin C.},
title = {High-Resolution Micromachined Interferometric Accelerometer},
type = {mathesis},
institution = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
date = 1992,
location = {Cambridge, Mass.},
editor = {Stan Upervisor},
}
\end{filecontents*}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage{xpatch}
\usepackage[style=authoryear,backend=bibtex]{biblatex}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\begin{filecontents*}{english-thesis.lbx}
\ProvidesFile{english-thesis.lbx}[2014/06/14 english for thesis]
\InheritBibliographyExtras{english}
\NewBibliographyString{supervision,jointsupervision}
\DeclareBibliographyStrings{%
inherit = {english},
supervision = {{under the supervision of}{under sup\adddotspace of}},
jointsupervision = {{under the joint supervision of}{under joint sup\adddotspace of}},
}
\end{filecontents*}
\DeclareLanguageMapping{english}{english-thesis}
\newbibmacro*{thesissupervisor}{%
\ifnameundef{editor}{}{%
\ifnumgreater{\value{editor}}{1}
{\bibstring{jointsupervision}}
{\bibstring{supervision}}
\printnames{editor}}}
\xpatchbibdriver{thesis}
{\printfield{type}}
{\printfield{type}
\newunit
\usebibmacro{thesissupervisor}}
{\typeout{yep}}
{\typeout{no}}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\nocite{*}
\begin{document}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
Best Answer
Since we need to modify the citation commands, the solution depends on the style quite a lot and
biblatex-apa's cite macros differ from the standard ones inauthortitlequite a bit, this is why your attempt didn't work.It is probably easiest to modify the
citemacro directly here (one could changecite:plabelyear+extrayearbut that could interfere with other commands)is a copy of the definition from
apa.cbxwith two lines added in towards the end.MWE