[Tex/LaTex] why neither \bf nor \textbf works in this

boldfont-encodingsinput-encodings

I have used \bf, \bfseries and \textbf for some particular texts in my answer sheet yet I am unable to detect what makes these fail to work in this document. Could you help to find it?

 \documentclass[11pt, oneside, A4paper,final,leqno]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[utf8]{vietnam}
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, latexsym, amscd, amsthm}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{color}
\usepackage{phaistos}
\newcommand\myrule{$\;$\rule{1.362cm}{.4pt}}
\newcommand{\qrule}{\gray~\rule{2.9362cm}{.4pt}}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\newcommand{\middlewave}[1]{\raisebox{.2em}{\uwave{\hspace{#1}}}}

\definecolor{usethiscolorhere}{rgb}{0.86666,0.78431,0.78431}
\usepackage{framed}
\usepackage{enumitem}


\usepackage{graphics}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand*\circled[1]{\tikz[baseline=(char.base)]{
            \node[shape=circle,draw,inner sep=2pt] (char) {#1};}}
\unitlength=1mm
\def\BOX{\framebox(18.55,4.5){}}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{indentfirst}
\usepackage[modulo,left, displaymath]{lineno}
\renewcommand\linenumberfont{\normalfont\bfseries\small }
%\usepackage{eurofont}
\usepackage{eurosans}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{curves}
\usepackage{mfpic}
\usepackage{bbding}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{xcolor}

\usepackage{graphicx}

\usepackage[mathscr]{eucal}
\usepackage{graphics, graphpap}

\usepackage{makeidx}
\makeindex
\usepackage{multicol,color}
\usepackage{indentfirst}

\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{}
\renewcommand{\proofname}{Solution}



\newcommand{\tikzcuboid}[4]{% width, height, depth, scale
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=#4]
\foreach \x in {0,...,#1}
{   \draw (\x ,0  ,#3 ) -- (\x ,#2 ,#3 );
    \draw (\x ,#2 ,#3 ) -- (\x ,#2 ,0  );
}
\foreach \x in {0,...,#2}
{   \draw (#1 ,\x ,#3 ) -- (#1 ,\x ,0  );
    \draw (0  ,\x ,#3 ) -- (#1 ,\x ,#3 );
}
\foreach \x in {0,...,#3}
{   \draw (#1 ,0  ,\x ) -- (#1 ,#2 ,\x );
    \draw (0  ,#2 ,\x ) -- (#1 ,#2 ,\x );
}
\end{tikzpicture}
}

\newcommand{\tikzcube}[2]{% length, scale
\tikzcuboid{#1}{#1}{#1}{#2}
}

\usepackage{pgf,tikz}
\usepackage[left=1.75cm,top=1.19012473cm,right=1.919cm,bottom=1.85391469cm,bindingoffset=0.05cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{pst-coil}

\usepackage{libertineotf}
\providecommand{\hexagon}{\biolinum\Large\scshape{H\hspace{-.061em}\raisebox{-.51ex}{E}\hspace{-.061em}XAGON}}

\newcommand*\xcircled[1]{\tikz[baseline=(char.base)]{
  \node[shape=circle,draw,inner sep=1.12pt, color=red] (char) {#1};}}

\newcommand*\ycircled[1]{\tikz[baseline=(char.base)]{
  \node[shape=circle,draw,inner sep=1.12pt, color=purple] (char) {#1};}}

\newcommand*\tcircled[1]{\tikz[baseline=(char.base)]{
  \node[shape=circle,draw,inner sep=.4812pt, color=gray] (char) {#1};}}

\newcommand*\mcircled[1]{\tikz[baseline=(char.base)]{
  \node[shape=circle,draw,inner sep=1.93812pt, color=blue] (char) {#1};}}

\newcommand*\ncircled[1]{\tikz[baseline=(char.base)]{
  \node[shape=circle,draw,inner sep=1.93812pt, color=blue] (char) {#1};}}

\newcommand*\kcircled[1]{\tikz[baseline=(char.base)]{
  \node[shape=circle,draw,inner sep=1.93812pt, color=blue] (char) {#1};}}



\newcommand*\kkcircled[1]{\tikz{\draw (2,2) ellipse (.463cm and .231cm);;}}
\newcommand*\kkci[1]{\tikz{\draw (2,2) ellipse (1.9617463cm and .4231cm);;}}


\usepackage{MnSymbol}
\usepackage{bbding}


\textheight=16.325truecm
\textwidth=13.4286325truecm
\parskip=.162cm

\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}


%\usepackage[utf8]{vietnam}
\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}
\usepackage{graphicx}


\usepackage[framemethod=TikZ]{mdframed}
\definecolor{myviolet}{rgb}{0.73,0.56,0.64}

\usepackage{lipsum}

\newmdenv[%
    rightmargin=.6725964137168512402\textwidth,
    backgroundcolor=myviolet,
    linewidth=.4pt,
   innerleftmargin=2.3pt, innerrightmargin=.3pt,innertopmargin=2.3pt, innerbottommargin=2.3pt
       fontcolor=white%
]{mybox}

\newmdenv[%
    rightmargin=.695964137168512402\textwidth,
    backgroundcolor=white,
    linewidth=.4pt,
   innerleftmargin=3.3pt, innerrightmargin=.3pt,innertopmargin=0.3pt, innerbottommargin=2.3pt
       fontcolor=white%
]{mybox2}

\definecolor{babyblue}{rgb}{0.54, 0.81, 0.94}
\definecolor{aquamarine}{rgb}{0.5, 1.0, 0.83}
\definecolor{celadon}{rgb}{0.67, 0.88, 0.69}

\definecolor{bole}{rgb}{0.47, 0.27, 0.23}

\begin{document}


\begin{center}
 \bfseries{Mathematical Young Talent Search}
\end{center}
\flushleft 
\scalebox{1.542}{\bf \textcolor{purple}{MYTS Contestant Info}} 
\vspace{2ex}

%XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
\begin{minipage}[t]{11cm}
\begin{tabular}{lp{6.5cm} p{6.5cm}}
\scalebox{.983}{  \ncircled{1} }   Họ tên/Name &  \rule{7.43cm}{.24pt} 
 &    \\[6pt]
\scalebox{.983}{  \ncircled{2} }   Ngày/tháng/năm sinh& \rule{7.43cm}{.24pt}\\ [6pt]
\scalebox{.983}{  \ncircled{3} }   Trường học/School &  \rule{7.43cm}{.24pt} 
\end{tabular}
\end{minipage}
\null\hfill %\PencilRightDown
\begin{minipage}[t]{3.7295cm}
\vspace{-11.2975em}


\end{minipage}


\vspace{1.2ex}
\ScissorHollowRight\tikz \draw[dashed](-5,0)--(7,0);


%\thispagestyle{empty}
\flushleft 
\scalebox{1.542}{\bf \textcolor {blue}{\textbf MYTS Answer Form}} 

Thí sinh viết câu trả lời vào chỗ trống thích hợp dưới đây. 
%Write your answers in the space provided below so that each answer corresponds to its question number. 
\vspace{-5ex}

\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.35752}
\addtolength{\tabcolsep}{11.2962084pt}

\begin{tabular}{@{}*{6}{r}@{}}
\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{1}}\qrule&\textbf{\textcolor{bole}{11}}\qrule &\textbf{\textcolor{purple}{21}}\qrule& \\

\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{2}}\qrule&\textbf{\textcolor{bole}{12}}\qrule &\textbf{\textcolor{purple}{22}}\qrule&\\
\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{3}}\qrule&\textbf{\textcolor{bole}{13}}\qrule &\textbf{\textcolor{purple}{23}}\qrule&\\
\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{4}}\qrule&\textbf{\textcolor{bole}{14}}\qrule &\textbf{\textcolor{purple}{24}}\qrule&\\
\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{5}}\qrule&\textbf{\textcolor{bole}{15}}\qrule &\textbf{\textcolor{purple}{25}}\qrule&\\

\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{6}}\qrule&\textbf{\textcolor{bole}{16}}\qrule &\textbf{\textcolor{purple}{26}}\qrule& \\
\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{7}}\qrule&\textbf{\textcolor{bole}{17}}\qrule &\textbf{\textcolor{purple}{27}}\qrule&\\
\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{8}}\qrule&\textbf{\textcolor{bole}{18}}\qrule &\textbf{\textcolor{purple}{28}}\qrule&\\
\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{9}}\qrule&\textbf{\textcolor{bole}{19}}\qrule &\textbf{\textcolor{purple}{29}}\qrule&\\
\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{10}}\qrule&\textbf{\textcolor{bole}{20}}\qrule &\textbf{\textcolor{purple}{30}}\qrule&\\


\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\begin{textblock}{20.5}(6.282853965, 3.675428542541095)
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.573]
\draw[color=gray, thick] (6.,-1.)-- (6.,-2.);
\draw[color=gray,  thick] (8.,-1.)-- (8.,-2.);
\draw[color=gray,  thick] (10.,-1.)-- (10.,-2.);
\draw[color=gray,  thick] (12.,-1.)-- (12.,-2.);
\draw[color=gray,  thick] (14.,-1.)-- (14.,-2.);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{textblock}


\begin{textblock}{20.5}(6.282853965, 1.20435428542541095)
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.573]
\draw[color=gray, thick] (6.,-1.)-- (6.,-2.);
\draw[color=gray,  thick] (8.,-1.)-- (8.,-2.);
\draw[color=gray,  thick] (10.,-1.)-- (10.,-2.);
\draw[color=gray,  thick] (12.,-1.)-- (12.,-2.);
\draw[color=gray,  thick] (14.,-1.)-- (14.,-2.);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{textblock}

\end{document}

Best Answer

You do

\usepackage[utf8]{vietnam}

so the default font encoding is T5. The Libertine font families defined by the libertineotf package don't provide T5 encoded fonts. Indeed you see in your log file

LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `T5/LinuxLibertineT-TLF/m/n' undefined
(Font)              using `T5/cmr/m/n' instead on input line 147.

LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `T5/LinuxLibertineT-TLF/b/n' undefined
(Font)              using `T5/LinuxLibertineT-TLF/m/n' instead on input line 152.

which explains the mystery. Since LaTeX doesn't know a T5 encoded font for Linux Libertine, it does a substitution. When boldface is requested, another substitution (b to m) is performed. But the m font shape corresponds to standard CM (in T5 encoding).

Remove

\usepackage{libertineotf}

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] not able to write bold characters using textbf

UPDATE: See the solution at point 4.

I don't really understand the question. Apparently you are trying to insert some R code inside your latex document, but didn't take into account that some characters used in the listing have special meaning for latex.

For example, you have %chunk=1, but since % is the comment character for TeX, that line will be ignored. Then you have some \n inside, but since \ is the escape character for TeX, it complains about \n not being defined. Oddly enough, you doubled the \ before textbf, so textbf is not a tex command anymore in that context (while \\ is the command for a newline). Also you have # to introduce a comment in R, but # is a special char used by tex to denote an argument.

All these errors are not related to \usepackage[english,russian]{babel}, as you suggest. They are instead the usual errors which happen when you insert code from some other language into tex, without "protecting" it in a verbatim environment. Also, you have an extraneous linecolor=goldenpoppy after \end{document}, which will be ignored (what was it for, anyway?)

While more clarifications about your actual problem arrive, I can try guessing and suggesting some solutions.

Solve the errors and get a compilable document. Use verbatim to disable the special meaning of all those special chars.

\documentclass[11pt,table,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc}
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\usepackage[english,russian]{babel}
\begin{document}
\begin{verbatim}
%chunk = 1
<<echo=FALSE,results=tex>>=
    cat("dataset","\n")
    cat("\\textbf{dataset}","\n")   # it should be bold
 @
\end{verbatim}
\end{document}

Result:

verbatim

Use listings package to get syntax highlight for R (comments are italized, keywords are bold, etc.)

\documentclass[11pt,table,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc}
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\usepackage[english,russian]{babel}
\usepackage{listings}
\begin{document}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=R]
%chunk = 1
<<echo=FALSE,results=tex>>=
cat("dataset","\n")
cat("\\textbf{dataset}","\n")   # it should be bold
@
\end{lstlisting}
\end{document}

Result:

listings

I guess that you want the text "dataset" to be typeset in bold. If you use verbatim, the command \textbf is not "executed" (because \ has lost its status of escape char). So you need a verbatim environment which disables most of the scpecial chars, but still allows for \ as escape. Fancyvrb package has such an option. Unfortunately in that case \n would be interpreted also as a command. An easy solution is to define that command.
```
\documentclass[11pt,table,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc}
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\usepackage[english,russian]{babel}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\def\n{\textbackslash n}
\begin{document}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
%chunk = 1
<<echo=FALSE,results=tex>>=
cat("dataset","\n")
cat("\textbf{dataset}","\n")   # it should be bold
@
\end{Verbatim}
\end{document}
```
But, oh! The result shows no bold (perhaps this was your actual problem?):

In this case this is because your tt font has not bold variant. And this could be related to the cyrillic fonts you use. Please, confirm if this is the intended question.
UPDATED: Once it has been confirmed (in a comment) that the problem was not the syntax errors found in the (non-working) minimal example, but instead the lack of an appropiate tt bold font, the solution is to provide such a font. Typically the solution would be as simple as to \usepackage{extra-bold}, which installs bold versions of cmtt font. However this does not work either in this case, because this package installs those fonts under the 'OT1' enconding, but the document uses T2A encoding.

A "brute force" solution is to fool latex into "thinking" that font cmttb has T2A encoding. This works for the minimal example provided because the listing contains only ascii characters. I don't know what would happen if the listing had contained cyrillic or chinese characters. You have to try yourself.

In order to implement this "solution" (note the quotes), you have to write a file, called myboldtt.sty for example, in the same folder than your main document. The content of this file would be:
```
\providecommand{\EC@ttfamily}[5]{%
  \DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}%
  {<5><6><7><8>#50800%
   <9><10><10.95><12><14.4><17.28><20.74><24.88><29.86>%
   <35.83>genb*#5}{}}
\DeclareFontFamily{T2A}{cmtt}{\hyphenchar\font\m@ne}
\EC@ttfamily{T2A}{cmtt}{m}{n}{latt}
\EC@ttfamily{T2A}{cmtt}{m}{sl}{last}
\EC@ttfamily{T2A}{cmtt}{m}{it}{lait}
\EC@ttfamily{T2A}{cmtt}{m}{sc}{latc}
\EC@ttfamily{T2A}{cmtt}{bx}{n}{labtl}
\DeclareFontShape{T2A}{cmtt}{b}{n}
   {
    <5><6><7><8><9><10><12><10.95><14.4><17.28><20.74><24.88>cmttb10
    }{}
\DeclareFontShape{T2A}{cmtt}{bx}{n}%
   {<->ssub*cmtt/b/n}{}
\endinput
```
And then ensure that \usepackage{myboldtt} appears in your main document. A MWE follows:
```
\documentclass[11pt,table,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{bold-extra}
\usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc}
\usepackage{CJKutf8}
\usepackage[english,russian]{babel}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{myboldtt}
\def\n{\textbackslash n}
\begin{document}
Regular text. \textbf{Bold}.
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
%chunk = 1
<<echo=FALSE,results=tex>>=
cat("dataset","\n")
cat("\textbf{dataset}","\n")   # it should be bold
@
\end{Verbatim}
\end{document}
```
Which (at last!) produces the intended output:

NOTE: You need to have cm-mf-extra fonts also installed in your system.

[Tex/LaTex] Neither \boldsymbol{} nor \bm{} work in beamer class

I can reproduce the issue with TeX Live 2012, not with 2013.

Upgrading to a current TeX Live would be best. A workaround is available anyway:

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % but utf8 would be better
\usepackage[english]{babel}

\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{bm}

\begin{document}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Bold}

    \begin{itemize}
     \item $\boldsymbol{R}$ versus $R$
     \item $\bm{R}$ versus $R$
    \end{itemize}

\end{frame}

\end{document}

Loading amsbsy is useless, as bm clobbers the \boldsymbol command making it equivalent to \bm.

Avoid the \frame{...} syntax and favor

\begin{frame}
...
\end{frame}

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] not able to write bold characters using textbf

[Tex/LaTex] Neither \boldsymbol{} nor \bm{} work in beamer class

Related Question