[Tex/LaTex] TikZ – Recursive Arc Drawing

arcrecursiontikz-pgf

I'm trying to make Farey diagrams similar to those seen here (click) or the screenshot as follows,

(image source: Wikipedia)

Namely, I'd like an example of the one seen on the top of page 6. From there I hope I can figure out how to do the rest. Anyway, I was wanting to do this using TikZ and I was hoping to have some algorithm that could generate these images for n levels deep.

Here is my brute-force attempt:

    \documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
    \begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=12]
    \draw (0,0) -- (1,0);
    \draw (0,0) -- (0,.618);
    \draw (1,0) -- (1,.618);
    \draw (1,0) arc (0:180:.5);

    \draw [dotted] (0,0) -- (0,-.1) node[below]{$\frac{0}{1}$};
    \draw [dotted] (1,0) -- (1,-.1) node[below]{$\frac{1}{1}$};

    \draw (1,0) arc (0:180:.25);
    \draw [dotted] (.5,0) -- (.5,-.1) node[below]{$\frac{1}{2}$};
    \draw (.5,0) arc (0:180:.25);

    \draw (1,0) arc (0:180:1/6);
    \draw [dotted] (2/3,0) -- (2/3,-.1) node[below]{$\frac{2}{3}$};
    \draw (2/3,0) arc (0:180:1/12);

    \draw (1/3,0) arc (0:180:1/6);
    \draw [dotted] (1/3,0) -- (1/3,-.1) node[below]{$\frac{1}{3}$};
    \draw (1/2,0) arc (0:180:1/12);

    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}

I have to admit, I'm a novice when it comes to TikZ and to programming in LaTeX. So any help, no matter how basic, would be appreciated. Thanks.

Best Answer

It is not any different than the examples given by other languages. Only a few places where expansion needs to be taken care of. I didn't really go for the code golf but it seems working. And it gets fainter as the recursion depth increases.

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\newcount\recurdepth
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2]
\draw[style=help lines] (0,0) grid[step=0.1cm] (1,0.5);

\def\myrecur#1#2#3#4#5{
\recurdepth=#5
\ifnum\the\recurdepth>1\relax
  \advance\recurdepth by-1\relax
  \edef\tempnum{\number\numexpr#1+#3\relax}%a+b
  \edef\tempden{\number\numexpr#2+#4\relax}%c+d
  \pgfmathparse{\tempnum/\tempden}\edef\temp{\pgfmathresult}%(a+b)/(c+d)

  \node[below=\the\recurdepth*1pt,scale=0.1*\the\recurdepth]at({(\temp)*1cm},0){$\frac{\tempnum}{\tempden}$};
  \draw[ultra thin,opacity=\the\recurdepth/10] ({(\temp)*1cm},0) arc (180:0:{((#3/#4)-\temp)*0.5cm});
  \draw[ultra thin,opacity=\the\recurdepth/10] ({(\temp)*1cm},0) arc (0:180:{(\temp-(#1/#2))*0.5cm});
  \begingroup
    \edef\ttempup{\noexpand\myrecur{\tempnum}{\tempden}{#3}{#4}{\the\recurdepth}}
    \edef\ttempdown{\noexpand\myrecur{#1}{#2}{\tempnum}{\tempden}{\the\recurdepth}}
    \ttempup\ttempdown
  \endgroup
\fi
}

\myrecur{0}{1}{1}{1}{6}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Numerical conditional within tikz keys

I am definitely unfamiliar with both beamer and tikz (do not quite get what the \only are supposed to do) but perhaps this could go in the direction you want:

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{chains}
\newcounter{count}

% helper macro:
\long\def\GobToSemiColon #1;{}

\newcommand\myPicture{
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{scope}[start chain = going below]
  \ifnum\value{count}<1 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \ifnum\value{count}>3 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \node[draw, rectangle, on chain] {display only when counter is between
    1 and 3};

  \ifnum\value{count}>-1 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \node[draw, rectangle, on chain] {display only when counter is
    negative}; 

  \ifnum\value{count}<100 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \ifnum\value{count}>200 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi  
  \node[draw, rectangle, on chain] {display only if counter is between
    100 and 200};

  \ifnum\value{count}<3 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \ifnum\value{count}>20 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \node[draw, circle, on chain] {only when counter is in the range 3 to 20};
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
}

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\only{\setcounter{count}{-3}\myPicture}
\only{\setcounter{count}{105}\myPicture}
\only{\setcounter{count}{39}\myPicture}
\only{\setcounter{count}{2}\myPicture}
\only{\setcounter{count}{5}\myPicture}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

beamer

[Tex/LaTex] TikZ: Drawing an arc from an intersection to an intersection

A solution which allows to draw intersection segments of any two intersections is available as tikz library fillbetween.

This library works as general purpose tikz library, but it is shipped with pgfplots and you need to load pgfplots in order to make it work:

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{fillbetween}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\draw [name path=red,red] (120:1.06) circle (1.9);
%\draw [name path=yellow,yellow] (0:1.06) circle (2.12);
\draw [name path=green,green!50!black] (0:0.77) circle (2.41);
\draw [name path=blue,blue] (0:0) circle (1.06);

% substitute this temp path by `\path` to make it invisible:
\draw[name path=temp1, intersection segments={of=red and blue,sequence=L1}];
\draw[red,-stealth,ultra thick, intersection segments={of=temp1 and green,sequence=L3}];

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

enter image description here

The key intersection segments is described in all detail in the pgfplots reference manual section "5.6.6 Intersection Segment Recombination"; the key idea in this case is to

create a temporary path temp1 which is the first intersection segment of red and blue, more precisely, it is the first intersection segment in the Left argument in red and blue : red. This path is drawn as thin black path. Substitute its \draw statement by \path to make it invisible.
Compute the desired intersection segment by intersecting temp1 and green and use the correct intersection segment. By trial and error I figured that it is the third segment of path temp1 which is written as L3 (L = left argument in temp1 and green and 3 means third segment of that path).

The argument involves some trial and error because fillbetween is unaware of the fact that end and startpoint are connected -- and we as end users do not see start and end point.

Note that you can connect these path segments with other paths. If such an intersection segment should be the continuation of another path, use -- as before the first argument in sequence. This allows to fill paths segments:

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{fillbetween}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\draw [name path=red,red] (120:1.06) circle (1.9);
%\draw [name path=yellow,yellow] (0:1.06) circle (2.12);
\draw [name path=green,green!50!black] (0:0.77) circle (2.41);
\draw [name path=blue,blue] (0:0) circle (1.06);

% substitute this temp path by `\path` to make it invisible:
\draw[name path=temp1, intersection segments={of=red and blue,sequence=L1}];
\draw[red,fill=blue,-stealth,ultra thick, intersection segments={of=temp1 and green,sequence=L3}]  
    [intersection segments={of=temp1 and green, sequence={--R2}}]
;

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

enter image description here

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Numerical conditional within tikz keys

[Tex/LaTex] TikZ: Drawing an arc from an intersection to an intersection

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