I have a problem of non working \textbf
, \bfseries
commands (and almost all changing fontstyle commands) in russian document (in english, everything is okay) in \documentclass[conference,a4paper]{IEEEtran}
.
What should I do?
Look at the screenshot. Almost all words in non-cyrillic variant are bold with analogical code (with T1 fontenc, btw ). But there is no bold text in cyrillic.
Also, Note that other commands like \textit \slshape
don't work.
PS. The second little question. I have a russian babel, and the word 'Abstract' comes into "Аннотация". But there is no effect with 'Index Terms'. How to rename it into "Ключевые понятия" carefully? I can do it very dirty. I don't like it.
Here everything is okay. Everything expect sectionname is bold.
MWE:
\documentclass[conference,a4paper]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage[T2A]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[russian]{babel}
\title{Исследование}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
We propose ... \\
Мы предлагаем...
\end{abstract}
\begin{IEEEkeywords}
Broad band networks...\\ Сети...
\end{IEEEkeywords}
\section{Описание задачи}
\textbf{Сети} \textbf{Сети} \bfseries \textit{ \slshape Cети}
\end{document}
Best Answer
IEEEtran.cls
is not designed to support languages requiring non-Latin script. It sets the default fonts toptm
,phv
andpcr
which are Adobe's Times, Helvetica and Courier. Almost certainly what you get in English are URW's clones of these fonts,utm
,uhv
anducr
.However, these fonts don't support Cyrillic, so LaTeX is falling back to the defaults for the
T2A
encoding as the console output clearly shows:This is the regular serif. Now what happens is that it obviously can't find bold Times Cyrillic either:
So it substitutes the regular weight instead. That is, it doesn't look for bold Computer Modern. It looks for bold Times and, not finding it, it looks for medium Times, which has already been substituted with medium Computer Modern.
Similar things happen for different shapes. For example,
This is because generally you don't want LaTeX to switch font families when it can't find a weight or shape. You want it to fall back to a medium weight or an upright shape. Normally, that's the right (least unexpected) thing to do.
Only, in this case, there is no medium upright Times Cyrillic, so it falls back eventually to Computer Modern anyway. And because it has tried substituting a different weight and shape before resorting to substituting a different font family, the weight and shape is always the same.
We can force the use of Computer Modern Cyrillic (which is what we're getting anyway) with
which permits the use of bold, italics etc.
Note, however, that the compiled PDF does not constitute the 'camera-ready' output mentioned in the console output because it does not use type 1 fonts. This is why you need to ask the journal or conference which fonts you should use.
The reason that
Index Terms
is not translated is because it is specific to the class and not translated by Babel. You can simply define it withThe other class-specific term is
Proof
. If you need this, substitute the appropriate Russian as follows.This gives us the following code
which produces
Note that if your paper also includes English, you should load the appropriate settings for Babel and switch to English when needed.
or
will make Russian the main language but permit switching to English when needed. See Babel's documentation for further details if you need this.