Equations Line Breaking – Split Equation Problem

equationsline-breaking

I would like to split the following equation in two parts. Very basic thing, seems to be.

\begin{equation}
\zeta_k(x) = \frac{\sin (\frac{1}{2} (x - x_0)) \cdots \sin(\frac{1}{2} (x-x_{k-1}))}
{ \sin ( \frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_0)) \cdots \sin(\frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_{k-1}))} %
%
\frac{\sin ( \frac{1}{2} (x - x_{k+1})) \cdots %
\sin(\frac{1}{2} (x - x_{2n}))}{\sin(\frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_{k+1})) \cdots %
\sin(\frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_{2n}))}
\label{eq3}
\end{equation}

I inserted amsmath package and tried with begin split and so on but can not get to the point where I separate the equation into two lines, one that contains

\zeta_k(x) = \frac{\sin (\frac{1}{2} (x - x_0)) \cdots \sin(\frac{1}{2} (x-x_{k-1}))}
{ \sin ( \frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_0)) \cdots \sin(\frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_{k-1}))} %
%

and the other that contains

\frac{\sin ( \frac{1}{2} (x - x_{k+1})) \cdots %
\sin(\frac{1}{2} (x - x_{2n}))}{\sin(\frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_{k+1})) \cdots %
\sin(\frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_{2n}))}

any suggestions?

Best Answer

I'd use (memoir not relevant)

\documentclass[a4paper]{memoir}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\zeta_k(x) ={} & \frac{\sin (\frac{1}{2} (x - x_0)) \cdots
  \sin(\frac{1}{2} (x-x_{k-1}))} { \sin ( \frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_0))
  \cdots \sin(\frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_{k-1}))} %
 %
\\
& \times \frac{\sin ( \frac{1}{2} (x - x_{k+1})) \cdots %
  \sin(\frac{1}{2} (x - x_{2n}))}{\sin(\frac{1}{2} (x_k -
  x_{k+1})) \cdots %
  \sin(\frac{1}{2} (x_k - x_{2n}))}
\end{split}
\label{eq3}
\end{equation}
\end{document}

Related Solutions

Math Mode – How to Split an Equation Over Multiple Lines in LaTeX

Use either breqn to break lines automatically or use amsmath and its many environments exactly for this purpose. For example, with breqn:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{breqn}
\begin{document}
\begin{dmath}
  Q(\lambda,\hat{\lambda}) = -\frac{1}{2} P{(O \mid \lambda )} \sum_s \sum_m \sum_t \gamma_m^{(s)} (t) \left( n \log(2 \pi ) + \log \left| C_m^{(s)} \right| + \left( \mathbf{o}_t - \hat{\mu}_m^{(s)} \right) ^T C_m^{(s)-1} \left(\mathbf{o}_t - \hat{\mu}_m^{(s)}\right) \right)
\end{dmath}
\end{document}

Note, the expression around \mid required braces to prevent it from breaking at this point; I'm sure there is a better way to do that; anyway, here's the output:

rendered

With amsmath, you need to specify the break points manually: (as others have also mentioned)

\usepackage{amsmath}
...
\begin{multline}
  A+B+C+ \\ +D+E+F 
\end{multline}

The users guide to amsmath is called amsldoc.pdf, but you can access it by typing texdoc amsmath on the command line. The main environments you'll use there would be align, split, and multline.

[Tex/LaTex] split equation in multiple lines

I suggest you use a split environment, which in contrast to multline may be used a subenvironment of equation. You need to specify an alignment point on each line with & and separate lines with \\. In this case the first line should be move left relative to the others and the package mathtools provides a convenient command for this:

Sample output

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
  \label{wave kinematic}
  \begin{split}
    \MoveEqLeft
    \frac{\partial N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial t}
    + \frac{\partial C_{g,\lambda}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}
    {\partial \lambda} \\
    &+ \cos\phi^{-1} \cdot
    \frac{\partial C_{f,\phi}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \phi} \\
    &+ \frac{\partial C_{f,\theta}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \theta} 
    + \frac{\partial C_{f,\sigma}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \sigma}  
    = \frac{S(\sigma;\theta;\lambda;\varphi;t)}{\sigma}
  \end{split}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

I have split across three lines for clarity. If you wanted to just split in two parts, then multlined (notice the extra d) from the mathtools package would be a simpler solution:

multlined sample

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
  \label{wave kinematic}
  \begin{multlined}
    \frac{\partial N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial t}
    + \frac{\partial C_{g,\lambda}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}
    {\partial \lambda} 
    + \cos\phi^{-1} \cdot
    \frac{\partial C_{f,\phi}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \phi} \\
    + \frac{\partial C_{f,\theta}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \theta} 
    + \frac{\partial C_{f,\sigma}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \sigma}  
    = \frac{S(\sigma;\theta;\lambda;\varphi;t)}{\sigma}
  \end{multlined}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

All the above works with elsarticle class in your updated question. E.g. the first version becomes:

\documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}

\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
  \label{wave kinematic}
  \begin{split}
    \MoveEqLeft
    \frac{\partial N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial t}
    + \frac{\partial C_{g,\lambda}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}
    {\partial \lambda} \\
    &+ \cos\phi^{-1} \cdot
    \frac{\partial C_{f,\phi}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \phi} \\
    &+ \frac{\partial C_{f,\theta}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \theta} 
    + \frac{\partial C_{f,\sigma}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \sigma}  
    = \frac{S(\sigma;\theta;\lambda;\varphi;t)}{\sigma}
  \end{split}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

Best Answer

Related Solutions

Math Mode – How to Split an Equation Over Multiple Lines in LaTeX

[Tex/LaTex] split equation in multiple lines

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