[Tex/LaTex] Split matrix over two lines

equationsmatricessplit

I am having troubles in splitting the following equation over two lines – it is too long to fit in one line.

Ideally, I would like to split it between

\end{pmatrix}= 
 %%% split here
 \begin{pmatrix}

I tried both the split and the multiline environment but they do not seems to work with this particular case. Here the code

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:varcov} 
var
\begin{bmatrix}
           y_{11} \\
           y_{12} \\
           y_{13} \\
           y_{2} \\
           y_{31} \\
           y_{32} 
\end{bmatrix}= \\ \begin{pmatrix}
  \Sigma_1 &          &         \\
           & \Sigma_2 &          \\
           &          & \Sigma_3 
 \end{pmatrix}= 
 % split here
 \begin{pmatrix}
  \sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{11}^2 & \sigma_B^2 & \sigma_B^2        &     &       &           \\
   \sigma_B^2 & \sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{12}^2  & \sigma_B^2        &       &       &           \\
   \sigma_B^2 & \sigma_B^2 & \sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{13}^2       &     &       &           \\
              &          &         &    \sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{2}^2   &       &           \\
    &          &         &      &   \sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{31}^2  & \sigma_B^2            \\
    &          &         &      &   \sigma_B^2  &   \sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{32}^2      \\
\end{pmatrix}
\end{equation}

Thanks in advance for the help

Best Answer

There's no way that big matrix would fit on a page. But it's the purpose of symbol that of representing something else.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\DeclareMathOperator{\var}{var} % ??

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:varcov}
\var
\begin{bmatrix}
  y_{11} \\
  y_{12} \\
  y_{13} \\
  y_{2} \\
  y_{31} \\
  y_{32} 
\end{bmatrix}=
\begin{pmatrix}
  \Sigma_1 &          &         \\
           & \Sigma_2 &          \\
           &          & \Sigma_3 
 \end{pmatrix}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{align*}
\Sigma_1&=
\begin{pmatrix}
  \sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{11}^2 & \sigma_B^2 & \sigma_B^2 \\
  \sigma_B^2 & \sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{12}^2  & \sigma_B^2 \\
  \sigma_B^2 & \sigma_B^2 & \sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{13}^2
\end{pmatrix}
\\[2ex]
\Sigma_2&=\sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{2}^2
\\[2ex]
\Sigma_3&=
\begin{pmatrix}
\sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{31}^2  & \sigma_B^2 \\
\sigma_B^2  &   \sigma_B^2 + \sigma_W^2 + V_{32}^2
\end{pmatrix}
\end{align*}

\end{document}

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] How to split an equation over two (or more) lines

Use either breqn to break lines automatically or use amsmath and its many environments exactly for this purpose. For example, with breqn:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{breqn}
\begin{document}
\begin{dmath}
  Q(\lambda,\hat{\lambda}) = -\frac{1}{2} P{(O \mid \lambda )} \sum_s \sum_m \sum_t \gamma_m^{(s)} (t) \left( n \log(2 \pi ) + \log \left| C_m^{(s)} \right| + \left( \mathbf{o}_t - \hat{\mu}_m^{(s)} \right) ^T C_m^{(s)-1} \left(\mathbf{o}_t - \hat{\mu}_m^{(s)}\right) \right)
\end{dmath}
\end{document}

Note, the expression around \mid required braces to prevent it from breaking at this point; I'm sure there is a better way to do that; anyway, here's the output:

rendered

With amsmath, you need to specify the break points manually: (as others have also mentioned)

\usepackage{amsmath}
...
\begin{multline}
  A+B+C+ \\ +D+E+F 
\end{multline}

The users guide to amsmath is called amsldoc.pdf, but you can access it by typing texdoc amsmath on the command line. The main environments you'll use there would be align, split, and multline.

[Tex/LaTex] split equation in multiple lines

I suggest you use a split environment, which in contrast to multline may be used a subenvironment of equation. You need to specify an alignment point on each line with & and separate lines with \\. In this case the first line should be move left relative to the others and the package mathtools provides a convenient command for this:

Sample output

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
  \label{wave kinematic}
  \begin{split}
    \MoveEqLeft
    \frac{\partial N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial t}
    + \frac{\partial C_{g,\lambda}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}
    {\partial \lambda} \\
    &+ \cos\phi^{-1} \cdot
    \frac{\partial C_{f,\phi}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \phi} \\
    &+ \frac{\partial C_{f,\theta}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \theta} 
    + \frac{\partial C_{f,\sigma}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \sigma}  
    = \frac{S(\sigma;\theta;\lambda;\varphi;t)}{\sigma}
  \end{split}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

I have split across three lines for clarity. If you wanted to just split in two parts, then multlined (notice the extra d) from the mathtools package would be a simpler solution:

multlined sample

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
  \label{wave kinematic}
  \begin{multlined}
    \frac{\partial N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial t}
    + \frac{\partial C_{g,\lambda}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}
    {\partial \lambda} 
    + \cos\phi^{-1} \cdot
    \frac{\partial C_{f,\phi}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \phi} \\
    + \frac{\partial C_{f,\theta}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \theta} 
    + \frac{\partial C_{f,\sigma}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \sigma}  
    = \frac{S(\sigma;\theta;\lambda;\varphi;t)}{\sigma}
  \end{multlined}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

All the above works with elsarticle class in your updated question. E.g. the first version becomes:

\documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}

\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
  \label{wave kinematic}
  \begin{split}
    \MoveEqLeft
    \frac{\partial N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial t}
    + \frac{\partial C_{g,\lambda}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}
    {\partial \lambda} \\
    &+ \cos\phi^{-1} \cdot
    \frac{\partial C_{f,\phi}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \phi} \\
    &+ \frac{\partial C_{f,\theta}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \theta} 
    + \frac{\partial C_{f,\sigma}N(\sigma;\lambda;\theta;t)}{\partial
    \sigma}  
    = \frac{S(\sigma;\theta;\lambda;\varphi;t)}{\sigma}
  \end{split}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] How to split an equation over two (or more) lines

[Tex/LaTex] split equation in multiple lines

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