TikZ-PGF – Range of a Piano: Keyboard vs Staves

musictikz-pgf

This is a kind of follow-up to this question. I'd like to reproduce with tikz the following image.

piano scale

I have no idea of how I could "synchronize" the output of musictex and tikz. Maybe I'd better stick with tikz but then I don't know how to draw realistic notes, staves and keys (borrowing them from musictex)?

Here is what I've done so far in tikz.

tikz piano

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \tikzset{%
    White/.style = {%
      node distance = 0cm and 0cm,
      draw,
      minimum width = .25cm,
      minimum height = 1.25cm,
      inner sep = 0pt},
    Black/.style = {%
      fill = black,
      minimum width = .15cm,
      minimum height = .75cm,
      inner sep = 0pt,
      anchor = north},
  }

  \node[White] (White--1-6) {};

  \node[font = \tiny,above] at (White--1-6.north)
  {$\mathrm{A}_{-1}$}; 

  \node[font = \tiny,below] at (White--1-6.south)
  {1};

  \pgfmathsetmacro\frequency{round(440 * 2^(((1)-49)/12))}
  \node[font = \tiny,above,rotate = 90,transform shape,anchor = west] at
  (White--1-6.south) {\frequency};


  \node[White,right = of White--1-6] (White--1-7) {};

  \node[font = \tiny,above] at (White--1-7.north)
  {$\mathrm{B}_{-1}$}; 

  \node[font = \tiny,below] at (White--1-7.south)
  {3};

  \pgfmathsetmacro\frequency{round(440 * 2^(((3)-49)/12))}
  \node[font = \tiny,above,rotate = 90,transform shape,anchor = west] at
  (White--1-7.south) {\frequency};


  \def\noteindex{4}%

  \foreach \octave [remember = \octave as \lastoctave (initially -1)] 
                   in {0,...,6}{%
    \foreach \White/\note [remember = \White as \lastWhite (initially 7)]
                   in {1/C,2/D,3/E,4/F,5/G,6/A,7/B} {%
      \ifnum\White=1\relax
        \node[%
              White,
              right = of White-\lastoctave-\lastWhite]
              (White-\octave-\White) {};
      \else
        \node[%
              White,
              right = of White-\octave-\lastWhite]
              (White-\octave-\White) {};
      \fi
      \node[font = \tiny,above] at (White-\octave-\White.north)
      {$\mathrm{\note}_{\octave}$}; 

      \node[font = \tiny,below] at (White-\octave-\White.south)
      {\noteindex};

      \pgfmathsetmacro\frequency{round(440 * 2^(((\noteindex)-49)/12))}
      \node[font = \tiny,above,rotate = 90,transform shape,anchor = west] at
      (White-\octave-\White.south) {\frequency};

      \ifcase\White\relax
      \or% next is D
        \xdef\noteindex{\number\numexpr\noteindex+2\relax}%
      \or% next is E
        \xdef\noteindex{\number\numexpr\noteindex+2\relax}%
      \or% next is F
        \xdef\noteindex{\number\numexpr\noteindex+1\relax}%
      \or% next is G
        \xdef\noteindex{\number\numexpr\noteindex+2\relax}%
      \or% next is A
        \xdef\noteindex{\number\numexpr\noteindex+2\relax}%
      \or% next is B
        \xdef\noteindex{\number\numexpr\noteindex+2\relax}%
      \or% next is C
        \xdef\noteindex{\number\numexpr\noteindex+1\relax}%
      \fi

    }
  }

  \node[White,right = of White-6-7] (White-7-1) {};

  \node[font = \tiny,above] at (White-7-1.north)
  {$\mathrm{C}_{7}$}; 

  \node[font = \tiny,below] at (White-7-1.south)
  {\noteindex};

  \pgfmathsetmacro\frequency{round(440 * 2^(((\noteindex)-49)/12))}
  \node[font = \tiny,above,rotate = 90,transform shape,anchor = west] at
  (White-7-1.south) {\frequency};


  \begin{scope}[every node/.style = {%
                  Black,
                }]
  \node at (White--1-6.north east) {};

  \foreach \octave in {0,...,6}{%
    \foreach \White in {1,2,4,5,6} {%
      \node at (White-\octave-\White.north east) {};
      }
    }
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Best Answer

Not properly worked through, but hopefully shows how to "integrate" (in a very loose sense) musixtex and tikz.

EDIT: added keyboard and tonic sol-fa labels. Still a bit of mess though.

\documentclass[border=0.25cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{etex}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{musixtex}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\def\lastnotename{origin}
\newbox\notebox
\coordinate (origin) at (0,0);
\coordinate (stave) at (origin);
\foreach \octave [evaluate={\t=int(\octave*7-7);}] in {0, ..., 5}{
    \foreach \pitch [count=\c from 0, evaluate={\x=int(\octave*7+\c+1);}] in {A,...,G}{
        \ifnum\t>6
            \tikzset{extract anchor/.style={anchor=south west, at=(\lastnotename.south east)}}
        \else
            \tikzset{extract anchor/.style={anchor=north west, at=(\lastnotename.north east)}}
        \fi
        \edef\notename{\pitch-\octave}  
        \node (\notename)  [inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt,text width=1cm, extract anchor/.try]  {%
            \begin{music}
                \instrumentnumber{1}
                \instrumentnumber{2}
                \nostartrule        
                \setstaffs1{1}
                \setstaffs2{1}  
                \ifnum\x>1
                    \setclefsymbol1{\empty}
                    \setclefsymbol2{\empty}
                \fi
                \setclef1{\bass}
                \setclef2{\treble}                                  
                \startextract
                \transpose\t
                \ifnum\t>7
                    \ifnum\t>14
                        \Notes \nextinstrument \ql{\pitch} \en      
                    \else
                        \Notes \nextinstrument \qu{\pitch} \en                      
                    \fi
                \else
                    \Notes \qu{\pitch} \en
                \fi
                \zendextract
            \end{music}};
            \xdef\lastnotename{\pitch-\octave}
}}

\node (stave) [fit={(A-0) (G-5)}] {};

\newif\ifblacknote
\foreach \octave in {0,...,5}
    \foreach \pitch [count=\p, evaluate={\t={"la", "si", "so", "r\`e","mi", "fa", "sol"}[\p-1];}] in {A,...,G}{
        \node [anchor=base] at ([xshift=0.25cm, yshift=-0.25cm]stave.south -| \pitch-\octave.south) {\t};
        \draw ([xshift=0.25cm, yshift=-1cm]stave.south -| \pitch-\octave.south west) rectangle ++(1cm,-4cm);
        \blacknotefalse
        \ifcase\p
        \or
            \blacknotetrue
        \or
        \or
            \blacknotetrue
        \or
            \blacknotetrue
        \or
        \or
            \blacknotetrue
        \or
            \ifnum\octave<5
                \blacknotetrue
            \fi
        \else
        \fi
        \ifblacknote
            \fill ([xshift=0.25cm, yshift=-1cm]stave.south -| \pitch-\octave.south east) ++(-0.25cm,0) rectangle ++(0.5cm,-2.5cm);
        \fi
    }

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

enter image description here

OK, here's a much better version...

\documentclass[border=0.25cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{etex}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{musixtex}
\def\threedp#1{\pgfmathparse{#1}\expandafter\Threedp\pgfmathresult0000@}
\def\Threedp#1.#2#3#4#5@{#1.#2#3#4}
\begin{document}
\pgfdeclarelayer{blacknotes}
\pgfsetlayers{main,blacknotes}
\tikzset{tight fit/.style={inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt}}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\def\lastnotenodename{clefs}
\node [text width=1cm, tight fit] (clefs) at (0,0) {
    \begin{music}
        \instrumentnumber{1}
        \instrumentnumber{2}
        \nostartrule        
        \setstaffs1{1}
        \setstaffs2{1}  
        \setclef1{\bass}
        \setclef2{\treble}                                  
        \startextract
        \hskip2.0\elemskip
        \zendextract
    \end{music}
};

\foreach \note [
    evaluate={
        \n=int(mod(\note-1, 12));
        \octave=int((\note+8)/12);
        \t=int(floor((\note-1)/12)*7-7);
        \notename={"A","","B","C","","D","","E","F","","G",""}[\n];
        \tonicsolfa={"la","","si","so","","r\`e","","mi","fa","","sol",""}[\n];
        \blacknote={0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1}[\n];
        \frequency=(2^((\note-49)/12))*440;}
] in {1,...,88}{

    \ifnum\octave>3
        \tikzset{extract anchor/.style={anchor=south west, at=(\lastnotenodename.south east)}}
    \else
        \tikzset{extract anchor/.style={anchor=north west, at=(\lastnotenodename.north east)}}
    \fi
    \ifnum\blacknote=0
        \edef\notenodename{\notename_\octave}
        \node (\notenodename) [tight fit,text width=1cm, extract anchor/.try]  {%           
            \begin{music}
                \instrumentnumber{1}
                \instrumentnumber{2}
                \nostartrule        
                \setstaffs1{1}
                \setstaffs2{1}  
                \setclefsymbol1{\empty}
                \setclefsymbol2{\empty}     
                \setclef1{\bass}
                \setclef2{\treble}                      
                \startextract
                \transpose\t
                \hskip-1.5\elemskip         
                \ifnum\octave>3
                    \ifnum\octave>4
                        \Notes \nextinstrument \ql{\notename} \en       
                    \else
                        \Notes \nextinstrument \qu{\notename} \en                       
                    \fi
                \else
                    \ifnum\octave>2
                        \Notes \ql{\notename} \en
                    \else
                        \Notes \qu{\notename} \en
                    \fi
                \fi
                \zendextract
            \end{music}
        };
        \xdef\lastnotenodename{\notenodename}       
        \node [anchor=base] (sol-fa)  at (\notenodename |- 0,-3) {\tonicsolfa$_\octave$};

        \draw (\notenodename.south west |- 0,-4) rectangle ++(1, -4);
        \node [rotate=90, font=\footnotesize, anchor=east] 
            at (\notenodename.north |- 0,-4) {\threedp\frequency};
        \node [font=\footnotesize, anchor=south]  
            at (\notenodename.south |- 0,-8) {\note};
        \node [font=\footnotesize, anchor=south] 
            at (\notenodename.south |- 0,-8.5)  {\notename$_\octave$};
        \draw (\notenodename.south west |- sol-fa.south) 
            rectangle (\notenodename.south east |- 0,1.125); %0.125 by trial and error
    \else
        \begin{pgfonlayer}{blacknotes}
        \fill ([xshift=-0.25cm]\lastnotenodename.north east |- 0,-4) rectangle ++(0.5, -2.5);
        \node  [rotate=90, text=white, font=\footnotesize, anchor=east]
            at (\lastnotenodename.north east |- 0,-4) {\threedp\frequency};
        \end{pgfonlayer}
    \fi
}
\node [rotate=90] at (0,-6) {Fr\`equency (Hz)};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

enter image description here

Related Solutions

Music – Annotating Note Frequency for Piano Range

I'm not sure if I understood the question right and this is what you want but here we go: the code uses the fact that a pitch cannot only be specified with a letter but also with a number. The frequencies are calculated with the formula on the linked Wikipedia site. (I don't know why the margins for standalone have to be enlarged manually to see the whole extract...).

% arara: musixtex
\documentclass[preview,border={17cm 2mm 17cm 2mm}]{standalone}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{musixtex}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{expl3,xparse}
\ExplSyntaxOn
% define integer variables:
\int_new:N \l__cjorssen_pitch_int
\int_new:N \l__cjorssen_step_int

% define tokenlist variable for the formatted output of the
% frequencies:
\tl_new:N  \l__cjorssen_freq_format_tl
\tl_set:Nn \l__cjorssen_freq_format_tl { \tiny\bfseries }

% macro to write notes and frequencies for one octave
%   #1: the lowest pitch
%   #2: the highest pitch, should not be more than #1+6
%   #3: the difference between pitch number and key number
\cs_new_protected:Npn \cjorssen_write_notes:nnn #1#2#3
  {
    % set the starting pitch:
    \int_set:Nn \l__cjorssen_pitch_int { #1 }
    % set the step to zero:
    \int_zero:N \l__cjorssen_step_int
    % loop until we reach the end pitch:
    \int_do_while:nn { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int <= #2 }
      {
        % \cchar{<pitch>}{<something>} is a musixtex macro that
        % allows setting <something> at the specified <pitch>
        % let's set the frequency below the tone it belongs to:
        \cchar
          { \int_eval:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int - 5 } }
          {
            % start a group to keep the format local, just in case
            \group_begin:
              % the format:
              \tl_use:N \l__cjorssen_freq_format_tl
              % let's test at which point of the octave we are
              % and add the needed integer to \l__cjorssen_pitch_int
              % in order to get the right key number with respect to
              % musixtex's pitch number:
              \int_case:nnn { \l__cjorssen_step_int }
                {
                  { 0 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + #3 } }
                  { 1 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 1 + #3 } }
                  { 2 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 2 + #3 } }
                  { 3 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 2 + #3 } }
                  { 4 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 3 + #3 } }
                  { 5 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 4 + #3 } }
                  { 6 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 5 + #3 } }
                }
                {}
              \,Hz
            \group_end:
          }
        % write the note:
        \qu { \int_use:N \l__cjorssen_pitch_int }
        % step the integers for the next round in the loop:
        \int_incr:N \l__cjorssen_step_int
        \int_incr:N \l__cjorssen_pitch_int
      }
  }

% calculate the frequency from the key number
% (using 440Hz for the concert pitch):
\cs_new:Npn \cjorssen_calc_freq:n #1
  { \fp_eval:n { round ( 440 * 2^(((#1)-49)/12) , 2 ) } }

% #1: the lowest pitch
% #2: the highest pitch, should not be more than #1+6
% #3: the difference between pitch number and key number
\NewDocumentCommand \writenotes { mO{#1+6}m }
  { \cjorssen_write_notes:nnn { #1 } { #2 } { #3 } }
\ExplSyntaxOff
\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{music}
 \instrumentnumber{1}
 \setstaffs{1}{2}
 \setclef{1}{60}
 \setname{1}{}
 \startextract
 \NOTes
  \writenotes{-11}{15}
 \en\bar
 \NOTes
  \writenotes{-4}{20}
 \en\bar
 \NOTes
  \writenotes{3}{25}
 \en\bar
 \NOTEs|
  \writenotes{-2}{42}
 \en\bar
 \NOTEs|
  \writenotes{5}{47}
 \en
 \endextract
\end{music}
\end{document}

enter image description here

Here is the same with the article class:

% arara: musixtex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{musixtex}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{expl3,xparse}
\ExplSyntaxOn
% define integer variables:
\int_new:N \l__cjorssen_pitch_int
\int_new:N \l__cjorssen_step_int

% define tokenlist variable for the formatted output of the
% frequencies:
\tl_new:N  \l__cjorssen_freq_format_tl
\tl_set:Nn \l__cjorssen_freq_format_tl { \tiny\bfseries }

% macro to write notes and frequencies for one octave
%   #1: the lowest pitch
%   #2: the highest pitch, should not be more than #1+6
%   #3: the difference between pitch number and key number
\cs_new_protected:Npn \cjorssen_write_notes:nnn #1#2#3
  {
    % set the starting pitch:
    \int_set:Nn \l__cjorssen_pitch_int { #1 }
    % set the step to zero:
    \int_zero:N \l__cjorssen_step_int
    % loop until we reach the end pitch:
    \int_do_while:nn { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int <= #2 }
      {
        % \cchar{<pitch>}{<something>} is a musixtex macro that
        % allows setting <something> at the specified <pitch>
        % let's set the frequency below the tone it belongs to:
        \cchar
          { \int_eval:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int - 5 } }
          {
            % start a group to keep the format local, just in case
            \group_begin:
              % the format:
              \tl_use:N \l__cjorssen_freq_format_tl
              % let's test at which point of the octave we are
              % and add the needed integer to \l__cjorssen_pitch_int
              % in order to get the right key number with respect to
              % musixtex's pitch number:
              \int_case:nnn { \l__cjorssen_step_int }
                {
                  { 0 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + #3 } }
                  { 1 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 1 + #3 } }
                  { 2 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 2 + #3 } }
                  { 3 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 2 + #3 } }
                  { 4 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 3 + #3 } }
                  { 5 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 4 + #3 } }
                  { 6 } { \cjorssen_calc_freq:n { \l__cjorssen_pitch_int + 5 + #3 } }
                }
                {}
              \,Hz
            \group_end:
          }
        % write the note:
        \qu { \int_use:N \l__cjorssen_pitch_int }
        % step the integers for the next round in the loop:
        \int_incr:N \l__cjorssen_step_int
        \int_incr:N \l__cjorssen_pitch_int
      }
  }

% calculate the frequency from the key number
% (using 440Hz for the concert pitch):
\cs_new:Npn \cjorssen_calc_freq:n #1
  { \fp_eval:n { round ( 440 * 2^(((#1)-49)/12) , 2 ) } }

% #1: the lowest pitch
% #2: the highest pitch, should not be more than #1+6
% #3: the difference between pitch number and key number
\NewDocumentCommand \writenotes { mO{#1+6}m }
  { \cjorssen_write_notes:nnn { #1 } { #2 } { #3 } }
\ExplSyntaxOff
\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{music}
 \instrumentnumber{1}
 \setstaffs{1}{2}
 \setclef{1}{60}
 \setname{1}{}
 \startpiece
 \NOTes
  \writenotes{-11}{15}
 \en\alaligne
 \NOTes
  \writenotes{-4}{20}
 \en\alaligne
 \NOTes
  \writenotes{3}{25}
 \en\alaligne
 \NOTEs|
  \writenotes{-2}{42}
 \en\alaligne
 \NOTEs|
  \writenotes{5}{47}
 \en
 \endpiece
\end{music}
\end{document}

enter image description here

TikZ-PGF – Placing Node (Entity) Label on the Inside in TikZ/ERD

I guess this is one way of doing it:

\documentclass[tikz,border=5]{standalone}

\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{
    entity/.code={
        \tikzset{
            rounded corners,             
            name=#1,
            inner sep=2pt,
            every entity/.try,
        }%
        \def\entityname{#1}%
    },
    entity anchor/.style={matrix anchor=#1},
    every entity/.style={
            draw,
    },
    every property/.style={
        inner xsep=0.20cm, inner ysep=0.075cm, anchor=west, text width=1.75in
    }
}
\def\property#1{\node[name=\entityname-#1, every property/.try]{\propertysplit#1;};}
\def\properties{\begingroup\catcode`\_=11\relax\processproperties}
\def\processproperties#1{\endgroup%
    \gdef\propertycode{}%
    \foreach \p in {#1}{%
        \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\gdef\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\propertycode%
            \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{\expandafter\propertycode\expandafter\property\expandafter{\p}\\}%
    }%
    \propertycode%
}
\def\propertysplit#1:#2;{#1:\hfill#2}

\def\entitynamenode{%
\node[every entity name/.try] (\entityname-name) {\entityname};
\draw (\entityname-name.south west) -- (\entityname-name.south east);
\\[1ex]
}
\tikzset{
  every entity name/.style={every property/.try, align=center}
}

\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={font=\ttfamily}, node distance=0.5in]
\matrix [entity=Employee] {
    \entitynamenode
    \properties{
        Username :  varchar(255),
        Password :  varchar(255),        
        Name :  varchar(255),
        LastName :  varchar(255)
    }
};
\end{tikzpicture}   

\end{document}

enter image description here

Best Answer

Related Solutions

Music – Annotating Note Frequency for Piano Range

TikZ-PGF – Placing Node (Entity) Label on the Inside in TikZ/ERD

Related Question