Well, you have several mistakes in your given bib code. Let us look to bib entry ParetoDist2011
. The corrected version is:
@misc{ParetoDist2011,
TITLE = {The Pareto Distribution},
YEAR = {2011},
howpublished = {\url{https://statisticalmodeling.wordpress.com/2011/06/25/the-mean-excess-loss-function}},
LAST_EDITED = {23 June 2011},
NOTE = {"[Online; accessed 30 August 2017]"},
}
You missed an \
before url{
, the blank in LAST EDITED
results in an error message (missing =
). In other entrys you masked in urls %
with \%
. After loading package url
or hyperref
that is not longer needed ...
The following MWE compiles without errors and only one warning (okay, commes from used package filecontents
to keep bib file and TeX code together in one MWE):
\RequirePackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@Book{Goossens,
author = {Goossens, Michel and Mittelbach, Frank and
Samarin, Alexander},
title = {The LaTeX Companion},
edition = {1},
publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
location = {Reading, Mass.},
year = {1994},
}
@Book{adams,
title = {The Restaurant at the End of the Universe},
author = {Douglas Adams},
series = {The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy},
publisher = {Pan Macmillan},
year = {1980},
}
@ARTICLE{FossKorshunovZachary2013,
AUTHOR = {S. Foss and D. Korshunov and S. Zachary},
TITLE = {Heavy-tailed and long-tailed distributions},
BOOKTITLE = {An Introduction to Heavy-Tailed and Subexponential Distributions},
journal = {MISSING},
PAGES = {7--42},
YEAR = {2013},
PUBLISHER = {Springer},
}
@misc{ParetoDist2011,
TITLE = {The Pareto Distribution},
YEAR = {2011},
howpublished = {\url{https://statisticalmodeling.wordpress.com/2011/06/25/the-mean-excess-loss-function}},
LAST_EDITED = {23 June 2011},
NOTE = {"[Online; accessed 30 August 2017]"},
}
@ARTICLE{Rojas-NandayapaXie2017,
AUTHOR = {L. Rojas-Nandayapa and W. Xie},
TITLE = {Asympotoic tail behavior of phase-type scale mixture
distributions},
YEAR = {2017},
PAGES = {1--6},
JOURNAL = {Annals of Actuarial Science},
PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press}}
@BOOK{BuchholzKriegeFelko2014,
AUTHOR = {P. Buchholz, J. Kriege, I. Felko},
TITLE = {Phase-Type Distributions},
PUBLISHER = {Springer},
YEAR = {2014},
PAGES = {5--10, 125--128}}
@ARTICLE{BladtNandayapapa2017,
AUTHOR = {M. Bladt and L. Nandayapapa},
TITLE = {Fitting Phase-type Mixtures to Heavy-tailed Data and
Distriutions},
YEAR = {2017},
JOURNAL = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.04357},
PAGES = {1--11}}
@article{AhmSoohanKimJosephRamaswani2012,
AUTHOR = {Ahn, Soohan and H.T. Kim, Joseph and Ramaswami, V},
TITLE = {A New Class of Models for Heavy Tailed Distributions in
Finance and Insurance Risk},
YEAR = {2012},
MONTH = {07},
VOLUME = {51},
BOOKTITLE = {Insurance: Mathematics and Economics},
journal = {MISSING},
}
@misc{wikipedia2017,
AUTHOR = {Wikipedia},
TITLE = {Heavy-tailed distribution},
HOWPUBLISHED = {\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy-tailed_distribution}},
LAST_EDITED = {10 June 2017},
NOTE = {"[Online; accessed 10 June 2017]"}}
@misc{Zheng,
AURTHOR = {S. Zheng},
TITLE = {Sufficient Statistics and Exponential Family Lecturer},
YEAR = {n.d},
HOWPUBLISHED = {\url{http://people.missouristate.edu/songfengzheng/Teaching/MTH541/Lecture%20notes/Sufficient.pdf}},
NOTE = {"[Online; accessed 31 June 2017]"}}
@misc{Clapham2016,
AURTHOR = {M.E. Clapham},
TITLE = {Maximum likelihood estimation},
YEAR = {2016},
HOWPUBLISHED = {\url{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vh98ful3_M}},
LAST_EDITED = {05 March 2016},
NOTE = {"[Online; accessed 01 August 2017]"}}
@misc{Andale2015,
AURTHOR = {Andale},
TITLE = {Pareto Distribution Definition},
YEAR = {2015},
HOWPUBLISHED = {\url{http://www.statisticshowto.com/pareto-distribution}},
LAST_EDITED = {06 May 2015},
NOTE = {"[Online; accessed 22 July 2017]"}}
@phdthesis{Vatamidou2015,
AUTHOR = {Vatamidou, Eleni},
TITLE = {Error analysis of structured Markov chains},
YEAR = {2015},
SCHOOL = {Technische Universiteit Eindhoven}}
@article{AsmussenNermanOlsson1996,
AUTHOR = {S. Asmussen and O. Nerman and M. Olsson},
TITLE = {Fitting Phase-Type Distributions via the EM Algorithm},
YEAR = {1996},
ISSN = {03036898, 14679469},
URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4616418},
JOURNAL = {Scandinavian Journal of Statistics},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {419--441},
PUBLISHER = {Board of the Foundation of the Scandinavian Journal of
Statistics, Wiley},
VOLUME = {23}}
@article{Figueiredo2004,
AUTHOR = {Figueiredo, Mario AT},
TITLE = {Lecture Notes on the EM Algorithm},
YEAR = {2004},
JOURNAL = {\url{http://www.stat.duke.edu/courses/Spring06/sta376/Support/EM/EM.Mixtures.}},
PUBLISHER = {Citeseer}}
@inproceedings{TaoRojasTaimre2016,
AUTHOR = {H. Yao and L. Rojas-Nandayapa and T. Taimre},
TITLE = {Estimating tail probabilities of random sums of infinite
mixtures of phase-type distributions},
YEAR = {2016},
BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 2016 Winter Simulation Conference},
PAGES = {347--358},
ORGANISATION = {IEEE Press}}
@article{Breuer2014,
AUTHOR = {Breuer, Lothar},
TITLE = {Introduction to stochastic processes},
YEAR = {2014},
JOURNAL = {Lecture Notes, Univ. Kent}}
@phdthesis{Esparza2010,
AUTHOR = {Esparza, Luz Judith R and Nielsen, Bo Friis and
Bladt, Mogens},
TITLE = {Maximum likelihood estimation of phase-type distributions},
YEAR = {2010},
SCHOOL = {Technical University of DenmarkDanmarks Tekniske Universitet,
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer
ScienceInstitut for Matematik og Computer Science},
}
@article{Brazauskas2016,
AUTHOR = {V. Brazauskas and A. Kleefeld},
TITLE = {Modeling severity and measuring tail risk of Norwegian fire
claims},
YEAR = {2016},
JOURNAL = {North American Actuarial Journal},
VOLUME = {20},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1--16},
PUBLISHER = {Taylor \& Francis}}
@article{Dempster1977,
AUTHOR = {Dempster, Arthur P and Laird, Nan M and Rubin, Donald B},
TITLE = {Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM
algorithm},
YEAR = {1977},
JOURNAL = {Journal of the royal statistical society. Series B
(methodological)},
PAGES = {1--38},
PUBLISHER = {JSTOR}}
@article{Borman2004,
AUTHOR = {Borman, Sean},
TITLE = {The expectation maximization algorithm - a short tutorial},
YEAR = {2004},
JOURNAL = {Submitted for publication},
PAGES = {1--9}}
@misc{wikipediaPowerLaw2017,
AUTHOR = {Wikipedia},
TITLE = {Power Law},
HOWPUBLISHED = {\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_law}},
LAST_EDITED = {12 July 2017},
NOTE = {"[Online; accessed 12 July 2017]"}}
@book{Embrechts2013,
AUTHOR = {Embrechts, Paul and Kluppelberg, Claudia and
Mikosch, Thomas},
TITLE = {Modelling extremal events: for insurance and finance},
YEAR = {2013},
VOLUME = {33},
PUBLISHER = {Springer Science \& Business Media}}
@misc{Mean2011,
TITLE = {The mean excess loss function},
YEAR = {2011},
HOWPUBLISHED = {\url{https://statisticalmodeling.wordpress.com/2011/06/25/the-mean-excess-loss-function/}},
LAST_EDITED = {25 June 2011},
NOTE = {"[Online; accessed 30 August 2017]"}}
@article{Genccay2001,
TITLE = {EVIM: A software package for extreme value analysis in
MATLAB},
AUTHOR = {Genccay, Ramazan and Selccuk, Faruk and
Ulugulyagci, Abdurrahman},
JOURNAL = {Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics \& Econometrics},
VOLUMe = {5},
NUMBER = {3},
YEAR = {2001},
}
@article{Mcneil1997,
title={Estimating the tails of loss severity distributions using
extreme value theory},
author={McNeil, Alexander J},
journal={ASTIN Bulletin: The Journal of the IAA},
volume={27},
number={1},
pages={117--137},
year={1997},
publisher={Cambridge University Press}}
\end{filecontents*}
\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{showframe} % to visualise the typing area and margins
\usepackage{hyperref}
\begin{document}
This is text with \cite{Goossens} and \cite{adams}.
\nocite{*} % to test all bib entrys
\bibliographystyle{unsrt}
\bibliography{\jobname}
\end{document}
with the first pdf page:
Please change the used \bibliographystyle
to that one you use. That could result in other errors ...
Best Answer
The immediate reason for the error is the fact that you've inserted
\\
in the numerator term of the\frac
directive. I have removed it and it is works correctly.To create a line break in the numerator, you can use
\splitfrac
, a macro provided by themathtools
package.