[Tex/LaTex] How to draw language family tree in LaTeX

diagramsforestlinguisticstikz-trees

I have been attempting to draw this language family tree into LaTeX:

I have tried using the tikz package as well as the forest package, but to no avail. I do not need the colours in the tree, nor do I need the lines to be formatted in the same way, but just for the lines to go to the correct language(s).

This is the code I have now (I have not included the "Baltic" branch, as it is not absolutely neccesary):

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{book}
\usepackage{lipsum} %This package just generates Lorem Ipsum filler text. 
\usepackage{fullpage} % changes the margin
\usepackage{forest}
\usepackage{showframe} % just to show the margin lines; comment this package     out for the final version

\begin{document}

\section*{Language tree}

\begin{forest}
for tree={
    edge path={
        \noexpand\path [thick, \forestoption{edge}] (!u.parent anchor) --   +(0,-7pt) -| (.child anchor)\forestoption{edge label};
}, % this option together with setting the parent and child anchors to south and north, respectively, gives you the right-angle style for your branches
parent anchor=south,
child anchor=north,
align=center, % allows you to put line breaks within nodes
}
 [Indo-European
[Balto-Slavic
    [Slavic
        [West
            [Old West Slavic
                [Minovian
                    [Old Minovian
                        [Minovian]
                [Lechitic
                    [Old Polish
                        [Polish]
                        [Silesian]
                    [Polabian
                    [Pomeranian
                        [Kashubian]
                [Czech-Slovak
                    [Czech]
                    [Slovak]
                [Knaanic
                [Sorbian
        [South
            [Western
                    [Slovene]
                [Serbo-Croatian
                    [Bosnian]
                    [Croatian]
                    [Serbian]
            [Eastern
                [Old Church Slavonic
                        [Bulgarian]
                        [Church Slavonic]
                        [Macedonian]
        [East
                        [Old Novgorod]
                [Old East Slavic
                        [Old Ruthenian]
                        [Belarusian]
                        [Russian]
                        [Rusyn]
                        [Ukranian]
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ]
]  
]
\end{forest}

\end{document}

These are the errors I receive:

Is it possible to do this in LaTeX?

(I am using XeLaTeX compiler)

Thank you for any help in advance.

As requested by the OP, I paste a version that compiles. I have starting shuffling closing brackets ] but not finished it. -marmot

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{book}
\usepackage{lipsum} %This package just generates Lorem Ipsum filler text. 
\usepackage{fullpage} % changes the margin
\usepackage{forest}
\usepackage{showframe} % just to show the margin lines; comment this package     out for the final version

\begin{document}

\section*{Language tree}

\begin{forest}
for tree={
    edge path={
        \noexpand\path [thick, \forestoption{edge}] (!u.parent anchor) --   +(0,-7pt) -| (.child anchor)\forestoption{edge label};
}, % this option together with setting the parent and child anchors to south and north, respectively, gives you the right-angle style for your branches
parent anchor=south,
child anchor=north,
align=center, % allows you to put line breaks within nodes
%grow'=south
}
[Indo-European
[Balto-Slavic
    [Slavic
        [West
            [Old West Slavic
                [Minovian
                    [Old Minovian
                        [Minovian]
                    ]
                ]                           
                [Lechitic
                    [Old Polish
                        [Polish
                        [Silesian]
                        ]
                        [Polabian
                        [Pomeranian
                        [Kashubian]
                        ]
                        ]   
                    ]       
                [Czech-Slovak
                    [Czech]
                    [Slovak]
                    ]
                [Knaanic]
                [Sorbian]
        [South
            [Western
                    [Slovene]
                [Serbo-Croatian
                    [Bosnian]
                    [Croatian]
                    [Serbian]
            [Eastern
                [Old Church Slavonic
                        [Bulgarian]
                        [Church Slavonic]
                        [Macedonian]
        [East
                        [Old Novgorod]
                [Old East Slavic
                        [Old Ruthenian]
                        [Belarusian]
                        [Russian]
                        [Rusyn]
                        [Ukranian]
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ]
]  
]]]]]]]
\end{forest}
\end{document}

Best Answer

Here's another version:

\documentclass[landscape]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{textcase}
\usepackage[edges]{forest}
\forestset{list/.style=
               {l sep=2pt,l=0,
                for descendants={no edge,l sep=2pt,l=0}},
    lfamily/.style={content=\MakeTextUppercase{##1}},
    dead/.style={fill={red!50}},
    living/.style={fill={green!50}}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}forked edges,for tree={draw,align=center,minimum width=.8in,inner sep=1pt,font=\sffamily}
[Indo-European,lfamily
[Balto-Slavic,lfamily
    [Baltic,lfamily
        [West,lfamily
            [Galindan,list,for tree=dead
            [Prussian
            [Sudovian]]]
        ]
        [East,lfamily
            [Latvian,list,living
            [Lithuanian,living
            [Selonian,for tree=dead
            [Semigallian]]]]
        ]
    ]
    [Slavic,lfamily,l=1.5in
        [West,lfamily,
            [Old West Slavic,dead
                    [Minovian,lfamily
                    [Old Minovian,dead
                        [Minovian,living ]
                    ]
                ]
                [Czech-Slovak,dead
                [Knaanic,list,dead
                [Sorbian,living ]]
                [Czech,list,for tree=living
                [Slovak ]]]
                [Lechitic,lfamily
                    [Old Polish,dead
                        [Polish,list,for tree=living
                        [Silesian]]
                        [Polabian,list,for tree=dead
                        [Pomeranian]]]
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        [South,lfamily
            [Western,lfamily
                [Slovene,living]
                [Serbo-Croatian,for tree=living
                    [Bosnian,list
                    [Croatian
                    [Serbian]]]
                ]
            ]
            [Eastern,lfamily
                [Old Church Slavonic,list,dead
                    [Bulgarian,for tree=living
                    [Church Slavonic
                    [Macedonian ]]]
                ]
            ]   
        ]
        [East,lfamily
            [Old Novgorod,dead]
            [Old East Slavic,dead
                [Old Ruthenian,dead]
                [Belarusian,list,for tree=living
                [Russian
                [Rusyn
                [Ukranian]]]]]
            ]
        ]
    ]
]
]
\end{forest}
\end{document}

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Changing the indentation of a Tikz tree

Let's provide a different example which shows better your problem:

% Assumming preamble as provided in the question
    \tikzset{
    dirtree/.style={
      growth function=\dirtree@growth,
      every node/.style={anchor=north},
      every child node/.style={anchor=west},
      edge from parent path={(\tikzparentnode\tikzparentanchor) |- (\tikzchildnode\tikzchildanchor)}
  }
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[dirtree]
\node {toplevel} 
    child { node {Foobarish}
            child { node  {foobar} 
                    child { node {foo}} 
                  }
            child { node  {foo} 
                    child {node {foo} } 
                  }
            child { node  {bar} }
    }
    child { node {Bar}
        child { node {foo} }
        child { node {foo} }
    };
\end{tikzpicture}

The output is:

Output

This shows not only the issue you mention, but also that the vertical stems in each branch are not aligned (the branch from Foobarish is not aligned with the branch from Bar). This problem will be also solved with a proper parent anchor (and growth parent anchor) which does not depend on the size of the parent. In this case south west is the best choice.

The following style solves all these issues, and provides a very compact version of the tree.

\tikzset{
  dirtree/.style={
    growth function=\dirtree@growth,
    growth parent anchor=south west,
    parent anchor=south west,
    every child node/.style={anchor=west},
    edge from parent path={([xshift=2ex] \tikzparentnode\tikzparentanchor) 
                           |- (\tikzchildnode\tikzchildanchor)}
  }
}

Final result

Thanks to Andrew Stacey and Jake for their useful comments about the need to set also growth parent anchor (their comments below refer to an early version of this answer).

[Tex/LaTex] Family tree with multiple marriage ties

Here's my attempt. The codes are a bit clumsy, though.

enter image description here

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{trees,calc}

\begin{document}

\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\footnotesize]
\tikzset{
  % edge styles
  level distance=15mm,
  married/.style={edge from parent/.style={draw,double distance=3pt}},
  mleft/.style={grow=left,edge from parent path={(\tikzparentnode.west)--(\tikzchildnode.east)}},
  mright/.style={grow=right,edge from parent path={(\tikzparentnode.east)--(\tikzchildnode.west)}},
  % node styles
  man/.style={rectangle,fill=blue!20},
  wife1/.style={rectangle,fill=red!40,rounded corners},
  wife2/.style={rectangle,fill=red!15,rounded corners},
}

% Generation 0
% \node(<gen_label>)[<options>]{<name>}
%   % add children and coordinate labels as in the other generations
% ;

% 1st Generation
\node[man]{Gen1 M1} 
  child[mleft,married,level distance=20mm]{coordinate(G1C1) child{node[wife1]{Gen1 F1}}}
  child[mright,married,level distance=20mm]{coordinate(G1C2) child{node[wife2]{Gen1 F2}}}
;

% 2nd Generation
\node at(G1C1){}
  [edge from parent fork down]
  child[sibling distance=30mm]{node[man]{Gen2 M1}
    child[married,mleft]{coordinate(G2C1) child{node[wife1]{Gen2 F1}}}
  }
  child[missing]
;
\node at(G1C2){}
  [edge from parent fork down,sibling distance=15mm]
  child{node[wife1]{Gen2 F1}
    child[married,mleft]{child[level distance=10mm]{node[man]{Gen2 M2}}}
  }
  child{node[man]{Gen2 M3}
    child[married,mright]{coordinate(G2C3) child{node(G2F3)[wife1]{Gen2 F3}}}
  }
;

% 1st Generation Loner
\node[man]at($(G2F3)+(0,\tikzleveldistance)$){Gen1 M2} edge (G2F3);

% 3rd Generation
\node at(G2C1){}
  child{node[man]{Gen3 M1}}
;
\node at(G2C3){}
  [edge from parent fork down]
  child{node[man]{Gen3 M2}}
  child{node[man]{Gen3 M3}}
  child{node[man]{Gen3 M4}}
;

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Edit

In the codes I used coordinate(<label>) and node(<label>) to mark specific coordinates where the (sub-)tree of the next generation begins. The <label>s are names of those points that can be referred to later in drawing the tree. For example, the label (G1C1) is a shorthand for "generation 1 couple 1".

Notice that each generation, except the first, starts with \node at(<label>)...;. So essentially what I was doing was to attach a new generation to a specific coordinate marked in the previous generation. For example, Gen2 M1 is the offspring of couple 1 of the first generation G1C1. Thus, to add a previous generation, say Gen0, simply draw it as any other generation, label the point at which Gen1 begins (say (G0C1)), and modify the beginning of the 1st generation by adding at(G0C1):

\node[man] at(G0C1) {Gen1 M1}...;

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Changing the indentation of a Tikz tree

[Tex/LaTex] Family tree with multiple marriage ties

Edit

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