[Tex/LaTex] How to draw a double napped cone with TikZ

tikz-3dplottikz-pgf

I would like to reproduce something like this in black and white using TikZ (just the figure not the writing) :

Here is the code I have so far, but I don't know how to draw the three planes properly :

\documentclass[tikz, border=3pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,tikz-3dplot}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{80}{45}
\tdplotsetrotatedcoords{-90}{180}{-90}

%% style for surfaces
\tikzset{surface/.style={draw=black, fill=white, fill opacity=.6}}

%% macros to draw back and front of cones
%% optional first argument is styling; others are z, radius, side offset (in degrees)
\newcommand{\coneback}[4][]{
  %% start at the correct point on the circle, draw the arc, then draw to the origin of the diagram, then close the path
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (45-#4:#3) arc (45-#4:225+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
  }
\newcommand{\conefront}[4][]{
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (45-#4:#3) arc (45-#4:-135+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
  }

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords]
  \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);

  %% make sure to draw everything from back to front
  \coneback[surface]{-3}{2}{-10}
  \draw (0,0,-5) -- (O);
  \conefront[surface]{-3}{2}{-10}
  \draw[->] (-6,0,0) -- (6,0,0) node[right] {$x$};
  \draw[->] (0,-6,0) -- (0,6,0) node[right] {$y$};
  \coneback[surface]{3}{2}{10}
  \draw[->] (O) -- (0,0,5) node[above] {$z$};
  \conefront[surface]{3}{2}{10}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Update : Here is the result thanks to these two posts (@Schrödinger's cat's answer / The fix from another question). The code contains a fix to cope with outdated tikz 3d library.

\documentclass[tikz, border=3pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,tikz-3dplot}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{80}{110}

%This piece of code fixes the bug%
\usetikzlibrary{3d}
\makeatletter
\tikzoption{canvas is xy plane at z}[]{%
  \def\tikz@plane@origin{\pgfpointxyz{0}{0}{#1}}%
  \def\tikz@plane@x{\pgfpointxyz{1}{0}{#1}}%
  \def\tikz@plane@y{\pgfpointxyz{0}{1}{#1}}%
  \tikz@canvas@is@plane
}
\makeatother
%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% style for surfaces
\tikzset{surface/.style={draw=black, left color=orange,right color=orange,middle
color=orange!60!#1, fill opacity=1},surface/.default=white}

%% macros to draw back and front of cones
%% optional first argument is styling; others are z, radius, side offset (in degrees)
\newcommand{\coneback}[4][]{
  %% start at the correct point on the circle, draw the arc, then draw to the origin of the diagram, then close the path
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (\tdplotmainphi-#4:#3) 
  arc(\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi+180+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
  }
\newcommand{\conefront}[4][]{
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (\tdplotmainphi-#4:#3) arc
  (\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi-180+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
  }

\newcommand{\conetruncback}[6][]{
  \draw[line join=round,#1] plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi+180+#4] 
  ({#3*cos(\t)},{#3*sin(\t)},#2)
  -- plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi+180-#4:\tdplotmainphi+#4] 
  ({#6*cos(\t)},{#6*sin(\t)},#5)
  --cycle;
  }

\newcommand{\conetruncfront}[6][]{
  \draw[line join=round,#1] plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi-180+#4] 
  ({#3*cos(\t)},{#3*sin(\t)},#2)
  -- plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-180-#4:\tdplotmainphi+#4] 
  ({#6*cos(\t)},{#6*sin(\t)},#5)
  --cycle;
  }

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords]
  \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
  \conetruncback[surface=black]{-2}{4/3}{0}{-3}{2}
  \draw (0,0,-5) -- (0,0,-2);
  \conetruncfront[surface]{-2}{4/3}{0}{-3}{2}
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=-2,fill=green!40!black,fill opacity=1] (-3,-3) rectangle (3,3);
  \coneback[surface=black]{-2}{4/3}{-10}
  \draw (0,0,-2) -- (O);
  \conefront[surface]{-2}{4/3}{-10}
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=0,fill=teal,fill opacity=1] (-3,-3) rectangle (3,3);
  \draw[->] (-6,0,0) -- (7,0,0) node[below] {$x$};
  \draw[->] (0,-6,0) -- (0,6,0) node[right] {$y$};
  \coneback[surface=white]{2}{4/3}{10}
  \draw[-] (O) -- (0,0,2);
  \conefront[surface=black]{2}{4/3}{10}
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=2,fill=pink,fill opacity=1] (-3,-3) rectangle (3,3);
  \conetruncback[surface=white]{2}{4/3}{0}{3}{2}
  \draw[->] (0,0,2) -- (0,0,5) node[above] {$z$};
  \conetruncfront[surface=black]{2}{4/3}{0}{3}{2}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

And the result :

Best Answer

You were almost there. Drawing a plane is as simple as saying

\draw[canvas is xy plane at z=2,fill=blue,fill opacity=0.6] (-4,-4) rectangle (4,4);

Other than that you need to draw the parts of the cone below and above the planes separately, which is why I added a macro for the truncated cone, \conetruncfront. I also replaced the hardcoded 45 with \tdplotmainphi.

\documentclass[tikz, border=3pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,tikz-3dplot}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{80}{45}

%% style for surfaces
\tikzset{surface/.style={draw=black, fill=white, fill opacity=.6}}

%% macros to draw back and front of cones
%% optional first argument is styling; others are z, radius, side offset (in degrees)
\newcommand{\coneback}[4][]{
  %% start at the correct point on the circle, draw the arc, then draw to the origin of the diagram, then close the path
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (\tdplotmainphi-#4:#3) 
  arc(\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi+180+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
  }
\newcommand{\conefront}[4][]{
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (\tdplotmainphi-#4:#3) arc
  (\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi-180+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
  }

\newcommand{\conetruncfront}[6][]{
  \draw[line join=round,#1] plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi-180+#4] 
  ({#3*cos(\t)},{#3*sin(\t)},#2)
  -- plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-180-#4:\tdplotmainphi+#4] 
  ({#6*cos(\t)},{#6*sin(\t)},#5)
  --cycle;
  }

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords]
  \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);

  %% make sure to draw everything from back to front
  \coneback[surface]{-3}{2}{-10}
  \draw (0,0,-5) -- (O);
  \conefront[surface]{-3}{2}{-10}
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=-2,fill=green!60!black,fill opacity=0.6] (-4,-4) rectangle (4,4);
  \coneback[surface]{-2}{4/3}{-10}
  \draw (0,0,-2) -- (O);
  \conefront[surface]{-2}{4/3}{-10}
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=0,fill=blue,fill opacity=0.6] (-4,-4) rectangle (4,4);
  \draw[->] (-6,0,0) -- (6,0,0) node[right] {$x$};
  \draw[->] (0,-6,0) -- (0,6,0) node[right] {$y$};
  \coneback[surface]{3}{2}{10}
  \draw[->] (O) -- (0,0,5) node[above] {$z$};
  \conefront[surface]{3}{2}{10}
  \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=2,fill=purple,fill opacity=0.6] (-4,-4) rectangle (4,4);
  \draw[->] (0,0,2) -- (0,0,5) node[above] {$z$};
  \conetruncfront[surface]{2}{4/3}{0}{3}{2}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

However, I'd slightly change things to get

 \documentclass[tikz, border=3pt]{standalone}
    \usepackage{tikz,tikz-3dplot}
    \tdplotsetmaincoords{80}{45}
    
    %% style for surfaces
    \tikzset{surface/.style={draw=black, left color=yellow,right color=yellow,middle
    color=yellow!60!#1, fill opacity=.6},surface/.default=white}
    
    %% macros to draw back and front of cones
    %% optional first argument is styling; others are z, radius, side offset (in degrees)
    \newcommand{\coneback}[4][]{
      %% start at the correct point on the circle, draw the arc, then draw to the origin of the diagram, then close the path
      \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (\tdplotmainphi-#4:#3) 
      arc(\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi+180+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
      }
    \newcommand{\conefront}[4][]{
      \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (\tdplotmainphi-#4:#3) arc
      (\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi-180+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
      }
    
    \newcommand{\conetruncback}[6][]{
      \draw[line join=round,#1] plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi+180+#4] 
      ({#3*cos(\t)},{#3*sin(\t)},#2)
      -- plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi+180-#4:\tdplotmainphi+#4] 
      ({#6*cos(\t)},{#6*sin(\t)},#5)
      --cycle;
      }
    
    \newcommand{\conetruncfront}[6][]{
      \draw[line join=round,#1] plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi-180+#4] 
      ({#3*cos(\t)},{#3*sin(\t)},#2)
      -- plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-180-#4:\tdplotmainphi+#4] 
      ({#6*cos(\t)},{#6*sin(\t)},#5)
      --cycle;
      }
    
    \begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords]
      \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
      \conetruncback[surface=black]{-2}{4/3}{0}{-3}{2}
      \draw (0,0,-5) -- (0,0,-2);
      \conetruncfront[surface]{-2}{4/3}{0}{-3}{2}
      \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=-2,fill=green!60!black,fill opacity=0.6] (-4,-4) rectangle (4,4);
      \coneback[surface=black]{-2}{4/3}{-10}
      \draw (0,0,-2) -- (O);
      \conefront[surface]{-2}{4/3}{-10}
      \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=0,fill=blue,fill opacity=0.6] (-4,-4) rectangle (4,4);
      \draw[->] (-6,0,0) -- (6,0,0) node[right] {$x$};
      \draw[->] (0,-6,0) -- (0,6,0) node[right] {$y$};
      \coneback[surface=white]{2}{4/3}{10}
      \draw[-] (O) -- (0,0,2);
      \conefront[surface=black]{2}{4/3}{10}
      \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=2,fill=purple,fill opacity=0.6] (-4,-4) rectangle (4,4);
      \conetruncback[surface=white]{2}{4/3}{0}{3}{2}
      \draw[->] (0,0,2) -- (0,0,5) node[above] {$z$};
      \conetruncfront[surface=black]{2}{4/3}{0}{3}{2}
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}

Or with slightly different view angles and opacity set to 1, and adjustments suggested by minhthien_2016.

\documentclass[tikz, border=3pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz,tikz-3dplot}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{80}{60}

%% style for surfaces
\tikzset{surface/.style={draw=black, left color=yellow,right color=yellow,middle
        color=yellow!60!#1, fill opacity=1},surface/.default=white}

%% macros to draw back and front of cones
%% optional first argument is styling; others are z, radius, side offset (in degrees)
\newcommand{\coneback}[4][]{
    %% start at the correct point on the circle, draw the arc, then draw to the origin of the diagram, then close the path
    \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (\tdplotmainphi-#4:#3) 
    arc(\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi+180+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
}
\newcommand{\conefront}[4][]{
    \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=#2, #1] (\tdplotmainphi-#4:#3) arc
    (\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi-180+#4:#3) -- (O) --cycle;
}

\newcommand{\conetruncback}[7][]{
    \draw[line join=round,#1] plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi+180+#4] 
    ({#3*cos(\t)},{#3*sin(\t)},#2)
    -- plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi+180-#7:\tdplotmainphi+#7] 
    ({#6*cos(\t)},{#6*sin(\t)},#5)
    --cycle;
}

\newcommand{\conetruncfront}[7][]{
    \draw[line join=round,#1] plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-#4:\tdplotmainphi-180+#4] 
    ({#3*cos(\t)},{#3*sin(\t)},#2)
    -- plot[variable=\t,domain=\tdplotmainphi-180-#7:\tdplotmainphi+#7] 
    ({#6*cos(\t)},{#6*sin(\t)},#5)
    --cycle;
}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords]
    \coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);
    \conetruncback[surface=black]{-2}{4/3}{-5}{-3}{2}{5}
    \draw (0,0,-5) -- (0,0,-2);
    \conetruncfront[surface]{-2}{4/3}{-5}{-3}{2}{5}
    \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=-2,fill=green!60!black,fill opacity=1] (-4,-4) rectangle (4,4);
    \coneback[surface=black]{-2}{4/3}{-10}
    \draw (0,0,-2) -- (O);
    \conefront[surface]{-2}{4/3}{-10}
    \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=0,fill=blue,fill opacity=1] (-4,-4) rectangle (4,4);
    \draw[->] (-6,0,0) -- (6,0,0) node[right] {$x$};
    \draw[->] (0,-6,0) -- (0,6,0) node[right] {$y$};
    \coneback[surface=white]{2}{4/3}{10}
    \draw[-] (O) -- (0,0,2);
    \conefront[surface=black]{2}{4/3}{10}
    \draw[canvas is xy plane at z=2,fill=purple,fill opacity=1] (-4,-4) rectangle (4,4);
    \conetruncback[surface=white]{2}{4/3}{5}{3}{2}{-5}
    \draw[->] (0,0,2) -- (0,0,5) node[above] {$z$};
    \conetruncfront[surface=black]{2}{4/3}{5}{3}{2}{-5}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Rotate a node but not its content: the case of the ellipse decoration

The source of the difficulty is that ellipses are constructed in a particular way in TikZ. They are paths that start from the x-axis and proceed counter-clockwise around their centre. The vast majority of the time, the exact parametrisation doesn't matter. You appear to have found the one situation where it does!

In the actual question, you only want to be able to mirror the ellipse, and so draw it starting from the negative x-axis (the title of the question suggests a more flexible approach). That's actually not too hard since we can exploit the symmetry of the ellipse. The key is to provide it with a negative x-radius, since then it will start from the negative x-axis (and proceed clockwise, but we could correct for that by negating the y-radius as well). To do this, we interrupt the call from the node shape to the drawing command and flip the sign of the x-radius. The simplest way to do this is to redefine the \pgfpathellipse macro to do the negation and then call the original macro. The following code does this.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations,shapes,decorations.markings}
\makeatletter
\let\origpgfpathellipse=\pgfpathellipse
\def\revpgfpathellipse#1#2#3{%
  #2%
  \pgf@xa=-\pgf@x
  \origpgfpathellipse{#1}{\pgfqpoint{\pgf@xa}{0pt}}{#3}}
\makeatother

\tikzset{
  reversed ellipse/.style={
    ellipse,
    reverse the ellipse%
  },
  reverse the ellipse/.code={
    \let\pgfpathellipse=\revpgfpathellipse
  }
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[ellipse,
  draw,
  postaction={
    decorate,
    decoration={
      markings,
      mark=at position 1 with {
        \arrow[line width=5pt,blue]{>}
      }
    }
  }
] at (0,0) {hello world};

\node[reversed ellipse,
  draw,
  postaction={
    decorate,
    decoration={
      markings,
      mark=at position 1 with {
        \arrow[line width=5pt,blue]{>}
      }
    }
  }
] at (0,-2) {hello world};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Here's the result:

rotated ellipse

(the arrow got clipped, but you can see where it lies)

[Tex/LaTex] Numerical conditional within tikz keys

I am definitely unfamiliar with both beamer and tikz (do not quite get what the \only are supposed to do) but perhaps this could go in the direction you want:

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{chains}
\newcounter{count}

% helper macro:
\long\def\GobToSemiColon #1;{}

\newcommand\myPicture{
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{scope}[start chain = going below]
  \ifnum\value{count}<1 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \ifnum\value{count}>3 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \node[draw, rectangle, on chain] {display only when counter is between
    1 and 3};

  \ifnum\value{count}>-1 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \node[draw, rectangle, on chain] {display only when counter is
    negative}; 

  \ifnum\value{count}<100 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \ifnum\value{count}>200 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi  
  \node[draw, rectangle, on chain] {display only if counter is between
    100 and 200};

  \ifnum\value{count}<3 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \ifnum\value{count}>20 \expandafter\GobToSemiColon\fi
  \node[draw, circle, on chain] {only when counter is in the range 3 to 20};
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
}

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\only{\setcounter{count}{-3}\myPicture}
\only{\setcounter{count}{105}\myPicture}
\only{\setcounter{count}{39}\myPicture}
\only{\setcounter{count}{2}\myPicture}
\only{\setcounter{count}{5}\myPicture}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

beamer

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Rotate a node but not its content: the case of the ellipse decoration

[Tex/LaTex] Numerical conditional within tikz keys

Related Question