floats
I'm relatively new to LaTeX and trying to come to grips with it. I understand I can resize a figure to fit the column width or text height quite easily:
\includegraphics[width=1\columnwidth]...
or
\includegraphics[height=.1\textheight]...
I was wondering if there is an easy way to get a figure and its caption to fit in a page.
Your picture is too wide. See difference below:
\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[2]
\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics[height=30mm,width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
\caption{This figure is to wide}
\end{figure}
\lipsum[1]
\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics[height=30mm,width=\columnwidth]{example-image-b}
\caption{This figure has correct width}
\end{figure}
\lipsum[3-4]
\end{document}
If you need picture with width of two column, than you need to use \begin{figure*} ... \end{figure*}.
Edit: In use of
\begin{figure*}[htb]
\includegraphics[height=30mm,width=\textwidth]{example-image-a}
\caption{This figure is to wide}
\end{figure*}
you had to be aware, that those image can appear only on top or bottom of the next page. Consequently as position options have sense only t and b or if the image take whole page, option p.
I couldn't find a way to put in center the caption as an answer for my first question.
However, for the second question when I changed [ht!] to [!h] the problem is solved.
\Figure[!h](topskip=0pt, botskip=0pt, midskip=0pt)[width=1\linewidth]{my_image.png}{my caption \label{fig:block}}
Best Answer
Generally it's better really to design the figure to fit (or scale by a fixed amount) scaling arbitrary sized figures to fit the page means that each scales by a different amount so you get inconsistent font sizes in each figure.
However for when you need it you can go
assuming 4 lines worth of space is enough for your caption and its surrounding space. Using
[p]as clearly it can not fit on a text page if it is that big.