For citations as in C, you could write \parencite[Kap.~4]{testart}
or \parencite[5]{testart}
(see examples below).
Note that you should use the citation macros with curly braces, so use \cite{MeierMüller2003}
not \cite MeierMüller2003
.
To change the andothers
string from u. a
to et al.
, you need to edit the localisation strings. Just put the following two lines after \DeclareLanguageMapping{ngerman}{ngerman-apa}
in your document.
\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{%
andothers ={et\addabbrvspace al\adddot},
andmore ={et\addabbrvspace al\adddot},
}
Alternatively, you can create a file with the following content and save it under ngerman-apaed.lbx
in the directory your .tex
document is located.
\ProvidesFile{ngerman-apaed.lbx}
\InheritBibliographyExtras{ngerman-apa}% extras are inherited from ngerman ...
\DeclareBibliographyStrings{%
inherit = {ngerman-apa},% .... as well as all the keys
andothers = {{et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}{et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}},
andmore = {{et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}{et\addabbrvspace al\adddot}},
}
You then modify the line \DeclareLanguageMapping{ngerman}{ngerman-apa}
to \DeclareLanguageMapping{ngerman}{ngerman-apaed}
.
MWE
\documentclass[ngerman, a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[style=apa,sortcites=true,sorting=nyt,backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\DeclareLanguageMapping{ngerman}{ngerman-apa}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{%
andothers ={et\addabbrvspace al\adddot},
andmore ={et\addabbrvspace al\adddot},
}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@article{testartlong,
author = {Arnold Uthor and William Riter and Rita Esearcher and Steven C. Ientist and Stuart Udent and Peter R. Ofessor and Lewis E. C. Turer},
title = {A Very Interesting Article},
journal = {Journal of Articles},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
page = {1-5},
date = {2010},
}
@article{testart,
author = {Arnold Uthor and William Riter},
title = {A Very Interesting Article},
journal = {Journal of Articles},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
page = {1-5},
date = {2010},
}
@book{testbook,
author = {Walter Ordsmith},
editor = {Eddie Ditor},
title = {The Work},
subtitle = {Subtitle},
date = {1983},
}
@online{testonline,
author = {Bernie Logger},
title = {A Very Opinionated Blog Post},
url = {http://example.com},
year = {2013},
}
\end{filecontents}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{rl}
\verb|\cite{testart}| & \cite{testart}\\
\verb|\textcite{testart}| & \textcite{testart}\\
\verb|\parencite{testart}| & \parencite{testart}\\
\verb|\parencite[Kap.~4]{testart}| & \parencite[Kap.~4]{testart}\\
\verb|\parencite[15]{testart}| & \parencite[15]{testart}
\end{tabular}
\parencite{testartlong} and \parencite[5]{testbook}
\nocite{*}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rvkSQ.png)
Edit
For multiple citations within one pair of parentheses use \parencites
or \parencite
.
\parencites(Herzkreislauf;)()[34]{testartlong}[Kap.~4]{testbook}
yields (Herzkreislauf; Uthor et al., 2010, S. 34; Ordsmith, 1983, Kap. 4)
; \parencites[Pre][Post]{testartlong,testbook}
gives us (Pre Ordsmith, 1983; Uthor et al., 2010, Post)
.
See also sections 3.7 to 3.7.6 of the BibLaTeX documentation
Does your friend use BibTeX, biblatex, or another tool to create the bibliography?
If he uses BibTeX and the natbib citation management package, he could create "aliases" for the citation call-outs: Use \defcitealias{key}{<farsi text string>}
to set up the alias, and use \citetalias{key}
and \citepalias{key}
to generate citation call-outs using the Farsi text string. Here, key
is the "key" to a bibliographic entry in question.
Addendum: Based on your follow-up comment, it would appear that your colleague is building the bibliography by hand, i.e., without a tool such as BibTeX or biblatex. Moreover, as there is no optional argument to the \bibitem
instruction, the default citation call-out style would appear to be numeric rather than authoryear.
I would like to suggest that your colleague proceed as follows:
He should load the natbib
package with the option numbers
.
For each \bibitem
, provide a \defcitealias
instruction as shown in the example below.
To create citation call-outs to these bib entries, use \citetalias{...}
and \citepalias{...}
directives.
I'm afraid I don't know how to work with Persian letters. Hence, the following example uses only Latin letters. Hopefully, it'll be clear how to extend the code to a case with Persian letters.
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage[numbers]{natbib}
\defcitealias{Atkinson}{SomeLongStringUsingPersianLetters}
\begin{document}
\cite{Atkinson} % numeric citation call-out
\citetalias{Atkinson} % plain string (no brackets)
\citepalias{Atkinson} % string surrounded by brackets
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{Atkinson} Atkinson A.C., (1994). Fast very robust
methods for the detection of multiple outliers, {\it
American Statistical Association.} 89, 1329--1339.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}
Best Answer
Talking in general, a more precise reference to a book or a paper is certainly preferable. In some fields (among which chemistry and mathematics) the convention
is usually followed when such a reference would help the reader in finding the cited text. Some texts such as Swanson's Mathematics into Type address this.
It seems a general opinion that something like
where the citation refers to a 900 page book is quite vague and unhelpful.
In humanities, the place in the book or paper would frequently be given in a footnote; other fields don't use footnotes.
A good strategy for deciding what to do is to look at some other theses in one's field. Some schools have their traditions and, even if they are silly, they should be followed.
In case citations of that kind are not accepted, one can always try to integrate the information in the text.