TikZ Graphics – How to Draw Complex Pictures Using TikZ in LaTeX

tikz-pgf

How to draw this picture using TikZ?

Best Answer

Here is a tikz-cd solution

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz-cd}
\newcommand{\e}{\varepsilon}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzcd}[column sep=1.5cm, cells={nodes={draw, circle, inner sep=.5mm}}]
|[draw=none]|\arrow[r] & q_0\arrow[r,"{a,\e\to a}"] & q_1\arrow[r,"{\e,\e\to\e}"]\arrow[<-,loop above,"{a,\e\to a}"] 
    & q_2\arrow[r,"{\e,\e\to\e}"]\arrow[<-,loop above,"{b,\e\to\e}"] & q_3\arrow[r,"{c,a\to\e}"] 
    & q_4\arrow[r,"{c,\e\to\e}"] & |[double]|q_5\arrow[ll, bend right,"{\e,\e\to\e}"']
\end{tikzcd}

\end{document}

Code

% create a page for every tikzpicture, leave a border of 2mm around it
\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone}

% libraries for 3D stuff...
\usetikzlibrary{3d}
% ... coordinate calculations ...
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
% ... and arrow tips
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}

% in the 3D library the 'xy' plane was implemented wrong (V 2.10), probably fixed in some CVS version
% this remedies that error
\makeatletter
\tikzoption{canvas is xy plane at z}[]{%
  \def\tikz@plane@origin{\pgfpointxyz{0}{0}{#1}}%
  \def\tikz@plane@x{\pgfpointxyz{1}{0}{#1}}%
  \def\tikz@plane@y{\pgfpointxyz{0}{1}{#1}}%
  \tikz@canvas@is@plane
}
\makeatother

% set styles to easily draw on the three coordinate planes
\tikzset{xyp/.style={canvas is xy plane at z=#1}}
\tikzset{xzp/.style={canvas is xz plane at y=#1}}
\tikzset{yzp/.style={canvas is yz plane at x=#1}}

% make a command that draws a valve at the specified position
\newcommand{\lockvalve}[1]% position
{   % starts in the top center, then "circles" around clockwise in kind of an 8 shape
    \filldraw[draw=black, fill=white] (#1) -- ++(0.25,0,0) -- ++(-0.25,0,-0.5) -- ++(0.25,0,-0.5) -- ++(-0.5,0,0) -- ++(0.25,0,0.5) -- ++(-0.25,0,0.5) -- cycle;
    % draw the arrow in the middle
    \draw[latex-] (#1) ++ (0,0,-0.5) -- ++(-0.6,0,0);
}

% put all the draw commands in a command, so you can use them in multiple pictures
\newcommand{\mydraw}%
{   % define the radii of the three circles
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\rOne}{3.5}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\rTwo}{2.2}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\rThree}{2.7}

    % the "back" plane
    \draw[densely dashed] (0,20,5) -- (0,20,0) -- (20,20,0);
    % the "left" plane
    \draw[densely dashed] (0,0,0) -- ++ (0,20,0);
    % the "right" plane
    \draw[yzp=20] (0,0) rectangle (20,5);
    % the "front" plane
    \draw[xzp=0] (0,0) rectangle (20,5);
    % the "top" plane
    \draw[xyp=5] (0,0) rectangle (20,20);

    % the source    
    \node[circle,fill=black,minimum width=0.2cm,inner sep=0,label=90:source] (source) at (10,25,5) {};
    % coordinates of the wells
    \coordinate (a) at (6,15,5);
    \coordinate (b) at (13,10,5);
    \coordinate (c) at (10,5,5);
    % draw circles at the predefined well spots
    \draw[xyp=5] (a) circle (\rOne);
    \draw[xyp=5] (b) circle (\rTwo);
    \draw[xyp=5] (c) circle (\rThree);
    % draw from source to the wells, first "vertical" (y), then "horizontal" (x).
    % You're in the xy-plane here!
    \draw[xyp=5,very thick] (source) |- (a)
        (source) |- (b)
        (source) |- (c);
    % draw the pipes down to the bottom of the wells
    \draw[very thick] (a) -- ++ (0,0,-5)
        (b) -- ++ (0,0,-5)
        (c) -- ++ (0,0,-5);
    % draw the invisible parts of the cylinders; for that, go to a point on the circle and draw to the well's
    % bottom from there.
    % !!! This only works in the given configuration, as it is not really 3D (at least not the cylinder)
    \draw[densely dashed] (a) ++ (245:\rOne) -- ($(a)+(0,0,-5)$)
        (a) ++ (350:\rOne) -- ($(a)+(0,0,-5)$)
        (b) ++ (230:\rTwo) -- ($(b)+(0,0,-5)$)
        (b) ++ (5:\rTwo) -- ($(b)+(0,0,-5)$)
        (c) ++ (235:\rThree) -- ($(c)+(0,0,-5)$)
        (c) ++ (0:\rThree) -- ($(c)+(0,0,-5)$);

    % draw the valves   
    \lockvalve{a}
    \lockvalve{b}
    \lockvalve{c}

    % draw the various labels
    \begin{scope}[red]
        \draw[xyp=5,latex-] (source) -- ++ (-20:3) node[right] {$p_S$};
        \draw[xyp=5,latex-] (11,19) -- ++ (80:3) node[above right] {top};
        \draw[xyp=5,latex-] (10,17) -- ++ (-20:3) node[right] {pipe};
        \draw[xyp=5,latex-] (c) ++ (-10:\rThree) -- ++ (-10:3) node[below right] {outer rim};
        \draw[xyp=2.5,latex-] (10,5) -- ++ (200:3) node[left] {flow};
        \node[below right] at (c) {$\Delta p$};
        \draw[xyp=0,latex-] (10,5) -- ++ (20:3) node[right] {vertex};
        \draw[xyp=4,latex-] (10,5) -- ++ (-30:3) node[right] {$p_V$};
        \node at (4,2,0) {$p_B$};
    \end{scope}
}

\begin{document}

% first picture
% x and y orthogonal, no z length --> top view
\begin{tikzpicture}
[   x={(0:1cm)},
    y={(90:1cm)},
    z={(90:0cm)},
    scale=0.4,
]   
    %insert draw commands
    \mydraw
\end{tikzpicture}   

% second picture
% with perspective this time    
\begin{tikzpicture}
[   x={(-10:1cm)},
    y={(60:1cm)},
    z={(90:1cm)},
    scale=0.4,
]   
    %insert draw commands
    \mydraw
\end{tikzpicture}   

\end{document}

Output

enter image description here

TikZ-PGF – How to Draw Complex Pictures with TikZ

If you place first all the coordinates, the rest is pretty straightforward.

Something like this:

\documentclass[border=2mm,tikz]{standalone}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  % coordinates
  \coordinate (A) at (0,0);
  \coordinate (B) at (4,0);
  \coordinate (C) at (4,3);
  \coordinate (D) at (0,3);
  \coordinate (K) at (3,3);
  \coordinate (M) at (0,1);
  % axes
  \draw[-latex] (-0.5,0) --++ (5.4,0) node [above] {$x$};
  \draw[-latex] (0,-0.5) --++ (0,5.4) node [right] {$y$};
  \foreach\i in {1,...,4}
  {
    \draw (\i,-0.1) --++ (0,0.2) node [yshift=-4mm] {$\i$};
    \draw (-0.1,\i) --++ (0.2,0) node [xshift=-4mm] {$\i$};
  }
  % lines
  \draw[thick] (A) rectangle (C);
  \draw[thick] (A) -- (K);
  \draw[thick] (B) -- (M);
  % points
  \fill (A) circle (1.5pt) node [below left] {$A$};
  \foreach\i in {B,C,D,K,M}
    \fill (\i) circle (1.5pt) node [above right] {$\i$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] How to draw this picture in 3D (TikZ)

Code

Output

TikZ-PGF – How to Draw Complex Pictures with TikZ

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