You are using syms function to create the functions x(n) and X(z). When you go through the documentation of symsfunction, you can find that you are just creating symbols for the functions, but not defining or assigning them to any symbolic expressions. This might be the reason why you are not getting the expected result.
Theztransfunction is not calculating the z-transform of the function x(n) because it is not defined, or it is abstract.
You may use the following link to refer about creation of symbolic functions using syms function
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