Assuming that your goal is to understand loops, try this
>> [ a01, a02 ] = cssm();
>> all(a01(:)==a02(:))
ans =
1
where
function [ a01, a02 ] = cssm()
y = randi( 100, [3,24] );
a01 = nan([46,24]);
a02 = nan([46,24]);
kk = 1;
while kk<3
sub = y(kk,:);
kk = kk+1;
jj = 1;
while jj<24
a01((kk-2)*23+jj,:)=sub;
jj = jj+1;
end
end
for kk = 1 : 2
for jj = 1 : 23
a02((kk-1)*23+jj,:) = y(kk,:);
end
end
end
 
Comment:   The codes based on while-loops and for-loops, respectively, produces identical answers. In this special case for-loops are easier to work with than while-loops.
"but i get a 23 by 24 matrix". That's because in the second turn of the outer loop the counter, j, has the value 24 and the code of the inner loop will not execute.
Stalin's answer provides a more efficient solution, which takes advantage of special features of Matlab.
Best Answer