[Tex/LaTex] Underfull hbox error using \newline and \hfill\break

line-breaking

I am trying to remove warnings/errors from the document I am writing that includes underfull (and overfull) \hboxs from the code below. Why does \newline and \hfill\break produce this warning? Aren't these commands supposed to fill lines and remove this error?

I am new to LaTeX (and this forum), I have been searching through several (already asked) questions, and guides (including 'The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX' (Oetiker 2015), and 'LaTeX' (en.wikibooks.org)), all of which say that this is supposed to remove this error, but it doesn't seem to be the case. I am using TeXstudio 2.10.8, and MiKTeX 2.9 if it makes any difference.

This is the code I tried:

\documentclass[12pt, twoside, onecolumn]{book}

\begin{document}
\noindent \emph{I want this text to act as a heading} \newline
\newline
By having it separated by a line \newline

\end{document}

Best Answer

Simply remove the \newline then the error will go. In comments you ask why adding a \newline at the end of the paragraph produces a warning.

\emph{I want this text to act as a heading} \newline

forces a line break right at the end of the paragraph this produces a spurious empty line following this forced break with no content so it is very under full and produces the maximum badness of 10000.

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Underfull \hbox in bibliography

Because "line-breaking in the bibliography is often more difficult than in the body text" (biblatex manual, p. 91), LaTeX typesets the bibliography using the \sloppy macro which relaxes some of TeX's parameters/penalties for line-breaking. However, \sloppy (maybe for some good reason!) does not touch \hbadness which is (among other things) responsible for "Underfull \hbox" warnings. The following code (to be added to your preamble) appends \hbadness 10000 to \sloppy which should remove those warnings.

\usepackage{etoolbox}
\apptocmd{\sloppy}{\hbadness 10000\relax}{}{}

Alternatively (and without possible adverse affects), you could typeset the bibliography \raggedright:

\usepackage{etoolbox}
\apptocmd{\thebibliography}{\raggedright}{}{}

Minimal example (compilable):

\documentclass{article}

\textwidth 300pt

\usepackage{etoolbox}
% Variant A
\apptocmd{\sloppy}{\hbadness 10000\relax}{}{}
% Variant B
% \apptocmd{\thebibliography}{\raggedright}{}{}

\usepackage{hyperref}

\usepackage{filecontents}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@techreport{nistguidesec,
  author    = {Wayne Jansen and Timothy Grance},
  title     = {Guidelines on Security and Privacy in Public Cloud Computing},
  month    = {January},
  note     = {Draft Special Publication 800-144. Available at \url{http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-144/Draft-SP-800-144_cloud-computing.pdf}},
}
\end{filecontents}

\begin{document}

\nocite{*}

\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{\jobname}

\end{document}

(The filecontents environment is only used to include some external files directly into the example, so that it compiles. It is not necessary for the solution.)

[Tex/LaTex] llncs and caption – underfull hbox

Adding \usepackage[german]{babel} allows latex to break the words using German rules which brings the badness down to 1803.

Once the badness is below 10000 (= infinity) it's not really an error just a warning that it's a difficult paragraph. If there isn't a particular reason for wanting .4\linewidth You can adjust the space a bit, .45 appears to work, although there is no setting that can guarantee good linebreaks in all cases, especially in languages where the word length is typically large. I also added \hfill so the two minipages are flush either edge of the page.

enter image description here

\documentclass{llncs}
\usepackage[german]{babel}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.45\linewidth}
\caption{Fragwrdige Zusammengehrigkeit bei sehr grosen Clustern}% Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines
\end{minipage}%
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.45\linewidth}
\caption{Text}
\end{minipage}

\noindent X\dotfill X
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Underfull \hbox in bibliography

[Tex/LaTex] llncs and caption – underfull hbox

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