[Tex/LaTex] Triangle as constraints in structural engineering

tikz-pgf

I guess this must be quite simple, but all I've tried didn't work so far.
All I want is to get some triangles on the edge of a framework.

Something like this:

enter image description here

My code looks like this:

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,decorations.markings}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,inner sep=0pt,thick,dot/.style={draw,circle,minimum size=4pt},
put coord sys/.style={
decoration={markings,
mark= at position 0.5
with
{
\draw[-latex,ultra thin,blue!80!black] (2pt,2pt) -- ++(5mm,0) node[above right,rotate=\pgfdecoratedangle] {$\scriptstyle x$};
\draw[-latex,ultra thin,green!80!black] (2pt,2pt) -- ++(0,5mm) node[above right,rotate=\pgfdecoratedangle] {$\scriptstyle y$};
}
},
postaction=decorate}]

%\draw [help lines] (0,0) grid (3,4);
\node[dot] (2) at (0,0) [label={[label distance=1mm]270:2}] {};
\node[dot] (3) at (0,2) [label={[label distance=1mm]180:3}] {};
\node[dot] (1) at (0,4) [label={[label distance=1mm]90:1}] {};
\node[dot] (4) at (3,2) [label={[label distance=1mm]0:4}] {};
\node[dot] (5) at (2.5,4) [label={[label distance=1mm]45:5}] {};

%\draw[gray] ++(150:0.3) -- (0,0); 
%\draw[gray] ++(-150:0.3) -- (0,0); 
%\draw[gray] ++(180:0.3) -- (-.3,0); 

%\draw[gray] ++(0,4) -- (150:1); 
%\draw[gray] ++(-150:0.3) -- (0,4); 
%\draw[gray] ++(180:0.3) -- (-.3,4); 

%\draw  (2) -- (3) node [midway,sloped,above] {3};
%\draw  (3) -- (4) node [midway,above,sloped] {4};      
%\draw  (2) -- (4) node [midway,above,sloped] {6};      
%\draw  (3) -- (1) node [midway,above,sloped] {2};  
%\draw  (1) -- (5) node [midway,above,sloped] {1};  
%\draw  (3) -- (5) node [midway,above,sloped] {5};  
%\draw  (4) -- (5) node [midway,above,sloped] {7};      

\draw[put coord sys]   (2) -- (3);
\draw[put coord sys]   (3) -- (4);      
\draw[put coord sys]   (2) -- (4);  
\draw[put coord sys]   (1) -- (3);
\draw[put coord sys]   (1) -- (5);
\draw[put coord sys]   (4) -- (5);
\draw[put coord sys]   (3) -- (5);

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

The "trick" with the \draw[gray] ++(150:0.3) -- (0,0); command doesn't work very well. In fact it doesn't work at all in this way 🙂
Does anyone have any ideas how to get these triangles?

Best Answer

The solution with the library tikz-mec (documentation only in Italian, but the examples and the shape details make it quite easy to be used):

\documentclass[tikz,png,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,calc,decorations.markings,mec}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,thick,dot/.style={draw,circle,minimum size=4pt,inner sep=0pt,},
put coord sys/.style={
decoration={markings,
mark= at position 0.5
with
{
\draw[-latex,ultra thin,blue!80!black] (2pt,2pt) -- ++(5mm,0) node[above right,rotate=\pgfdecoratedangle] {$\scriptstyle x$};
\draw[-latex,ultra thin,green!80!black] (2pt,2pt) -- ++(0,5mm) node[above right,rotate=\pgfdecoratedangle] {$\scriptstyle y$};
}
},
postaction=decorate}]


\draw [help lines] (0,0) grid (3,4);
\node[dot] (2) at (0,0) [label={[label distance=1mm]270:2}] {};
\node[dot] (3) at (0,2) [label={[label distance=1mm]180:3}] {};
\node[dot] (1) at (0,4) [label={[label distance=1mm]90:1}] {};
\node[dot] (4) at (3,2) [label={[label distance=1mm]0:4}] {};
\node[dot] (5) at (2.5,4) [label={[label distance=1mm]45:5}] {};

\node[draw,hinge,grounded=270,scale=0.85,transform shape] (hinge-1) at (0,4){};
\node[draw,hinge,grounded=270,scale=0.85,transform shape] (hinge-2) at (0,0){};

% with a loop is easier
\foreach \source/\dest in {2/3,3/4,2/4,1/3,1/5,4/5,3/5}
\draw[put coord sys]   (\source) -- (\dest);

% background addition
\begin{scope}[on background layer]
\fill[green!70!lime!15  ] 
 ($(hinge-1.south west)+(-0.5,1)$)--
 ($(hinge-1.south west)+(4.5,1)$)coordinate (x)--
 ($(x)+(0,-3)$)coordinate (y)--
 ($(y-|hinge-1.south east)-(0.5,0)$)--
 cycle;
\draw[green!70!lime!50]($(hinge-1.south west)+(-0.5,1)$)--
 ($(hinge-1.south west)+(4.5,1)$)coordinate (x)--
 ($(x)+(0,-3)$)coordinate (y)
 ($(hinge-1.south west)+(-0.5,1)$)--($(hinge-1.south west)-(0.5,2)$);
\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

The result:

enter image description here

A foreach loop has been implemented to avoid writing some paths and it has been introduced a background to resemble the picture posted.

Related Solutions

tikz-timing – Text Labels in Symbols and Time Axis Discontinuities

You can use stacked material inside D by simply using \shortstack{$\mathbf0$\\a1}. There is no need to use TeX lower-level primitives for that.

Also the node character N also takes a content if used with { } and also options using [ ], i.e. N[<options>]{<content>}, so you can place text into the timing diagram directly, without extracode. By default nodes are set using the coordinate shape, you need to use the rectangle option to allow for a visible content.

I personally use dotted or dashed lines (something like ;[dashed] <chars>;) to draw discontinuities.

BTW, allowing text content for other characters as well is on my long-term TODO list.

Here a way you can implement such a diagram using dotted lines and direct node content. I'm moving the node position manually to get the correct vertical position.

\documentclass[convert=png]{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz-timing}
\usetikztiminglibrary{nicetabs} % a bit strange with \Huge; use belowrulesep to adjust

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{type1cm} % to avoid "LaTeX Font Warning: Font shape `OML/cmm/m/it' in size <2> not available"; tlmgr install type1cm
\usepackage{helvet}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikztimingtable}[%
    timing/dslope=0.1,
    timing/name/.style={font=\sffamily\scriptsize},
    timing/d/text/.style={font=\sffamily\tiny},
    grayz/.style={timing/z/.append style={gray}},
    timing/n/.style={rectangle},
    timing/metachar={{K}[2]{#1l !{++(0,+.5\yunit)} N[rectangle,scale=.3]{\shortstack{$\mathbf 0$\\(#2)}} !{++(0,-.5\yunit)} #1l}},
    timing/metachar={{J}[2]{#1h !{++(0,-.5\yunit)} N[rectangle,scale=.3]{\shortstack{$\mathbf 1$\\(#2)}} !{++(0,+.5\yunit)} #1h}},
  ]
  Sig1 & Z H K{a1} K{2} J{3} ;[gray] D;[dotted,gray] D;[gray] D; J{$N_a$} Z \\
  Sig2 & Z H J{1} J{1} K{3} ;[grayz] Z;[dotted,grayz] Z;[grayz] Z; K{$N_b$} Z \\
\extracode
  % foreground:
  \tablerules
  \tablegrid[black!25]
\end{tikztimingtable}
\end{document}

Result

[Tex/LaTex] Structural analysis best package

Since I could not include further detail in my comment, I post it in this section.

The tikz library structuralanalysis provides some basic structural stuff which can be usefull to create hinges, supports, beams etc. This library provides 10 different commands \point, \beam,\support,\hinge,\load or \lineload and \temperature, \internalforces,\dimensioning,\influenceline ,\notation and \addon. The author of the library has provided with 4 types of beams (by default), 6 supports, 5 hinges and 3 types of loads (moment and forces at a point) and 4 types of lineloads (distributed forces). I just put a simple example.

\documentclass[11pt]{report}
\usepackage{structuralanalysis}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\point{a}{0}{0};
\point{fprime}{.15}{1}
\point{b}{-.5}{.12};
\point{c}{.5}{.12};
\point{d}{-.5}{.3};
\point{e}{.5}{.3}
\point{f}{0}{1};

\support{3}{a};
\hinge{1}{b}
\hinge{1}{c}
\beam{4}{d}{e}
\beam{4}{d}{f}
\beam{4}{f}{e}
\hinge{1}{f}
\point{g}{6}{1}
\beam{4}{fprime}{g}
\dimensioning{1}{fprime}{g}{2}[\SI{2}{\m}];
%\point{force}{-2}{1.5}
%\load{1}{f}[90]% uncomment to introduce vertical load at the hinge
%\notation{1}{force}{F=10KN}% Just to show the unit and magnitude of the hypothetical force
\end{tikzpicture}

output

Note I worked out this simple support using the basic functions of the library. Spring is given bydefault. I show it below.

\begin{tikzpicture}
\point{a}{0}{0};
\support{5}{a}[45];
\end{tikzpicture}

output

[45] is to rotate the spring. One can set it to 0 for no rotation. Offcourse further knowledge of TikZ would enhance one's capability to go deep, but as far as simple structures are concerned, this library is quite usefull in my opinion. For further references see the manual of this library available at here. And you can download .sty file from here.

EDIT I also put the structure which you have shown in the link. One possible way to do that can be this (using the same library):

 \begin{tikzpicture}
    \point{a}{0}{0};
    \point{first}{-1}{0}
    \notation{1}{first}{A};
    \support{1}{a}[0];
    \point{b}{8}{0}
    \beam{4}{a}{b}
    \dimensioning{1}{a}{b}{-2.5}[\SI{2}{\m}];
    \point{c}{8}{-1.5}
    \support{3}{c}
    \point{c2}{7.5}{-1.32}
    \hinge{1}{c2}
    \point{c3}{8.5}{-1.32}
    \hinge{1}{c3}
    \point{beam1}{7.55}{-1.15}
    \point{beam2}{8.55}{-1.15}
    \beam{4}{beam1}{beam2}
    \beam{4}{beam1}{b}
    \beam{4}{beam2}{b}
    \notation{1}{b}{B};
    \point{D}{4}{1.74};
    \notation{1}{D}{D};
    \beam{4}{a}{D}
    \beam{4}{D}{b}
    \dimensioning{2}{b}{D}{11}[$\sqrt{3}$];
    \dimensioning{3}{b}{D}{-2.5}[\SI{2}{\m}];
    \point{C}{8}{1.74}
    \notation{1}{C}{C}
    \beam{4}{D}{C}
    \beam{4}{C}{b}
    \dimensioning{3}{a}{D}{2.5}[\SI{2}{\m}];
    \dimensioning{1}{D}{C}{2.3}[\SI{2}{\m}];
    \point{f}{4}{2.5}
    \load{1}{f}[90]
    \point{force}{2}{2.7}
    \notation{1}{force}{$F=\SI{10}{\N}$}
    \end{tikzpicture}

output

Best Answer

Related Solutions

tikz-timing – Text Labels in Symbols and Time Axis Discontinuities

[Tex/LaTex] Structural analysis best package

Related Question