[Tex/LaTex] Theorem Name/Numbering in Margin

marginspositioningtheorems

I have seen the previous discussion on this same issue before (see Theorem name and number in margin, note in text), however this did not resolve anything as clearly as I had hoped.

Basically, I would like to have a visible margin (i.e:- a vertical line) on the left hand side of the page. Within the margin, I would like the section numbers (but not the name), equations numbers, theorem names and their respective numbers, but I am a bit a newbie in LaTeX and am I unsure how to go about doing this.

An example with the symbol "|" denoting the position of the margin would be:

                3.1. | Continuous Groups
                     |
      Definition 3.1 | Lie Group:.....
             (3.1.1.)| [SOME EQUATION HERE]
      Definition 3.2 | Lie Algebra:....

Thank you in advance.

Just some points of clarification (updated, based on the comments)
1. The document is one-sided, so only the left-hand side margin is of relevance.
2. Any suggestions on which theorem packages will be more suitable are welcome.

Best Answer

I think the following does what you want.

screenshot

The packages I have used are

esopic to add the gray vertical bar to the margin
titlesec to customize the section numbers using \llap
ntheorem to create a customized definition environment- you could equivalently use amsthm, but I'm more familiar with ntheorem

I've borrowed some code/ideas from

Code:

   % arara: pdflatex
% !arara: indent: {overwrite: on}
\documentclass{report}

\usepackage{xcolor}                 % to have colors 
\usepackage{eso-pic}                % put things into background 
\usepackage{lipsum}                 % for sample text
\usepackage{titlesec}     % for customizing sections
\usepackage[leqno]{amsmath}         % for mathematical content
\usepackage[amsmath]{ntheorem}      % for theorem-like environments

% customize the tag form of the equations
\makeatletter
\let\mytagform@=\tagform@
\def\tagform@#1{\maketag@@@{\hbox{\llap{(\ignorespaces#1\unskip\@@italiccorr)\hspace{1mm}}}}\kern1sp}
\renewcommand{\eqref}[1]{{\mytagform@{\ref{#1}}}}
\makeatother

% customize section
\titleformat{\section}%
{\Large\bfseries}% format
{\llap{% label
    \thesection\hskip 9pt}}%
{0pt}% horizontal sep
{}% before

% customize subsection
\titleformat{\subsection}%
{\bfseries}% format
{\llap{% label
    \thesubsection\hskip 9pt}}%
{0pt}% horizontal sep
{}% before

% add vertical bar- change colour and thickness as desired
\AddToShipoutPicture{% from package eso-pic: put something to the background
    % 3. Text area
    \AtTextLowerLeft{% put it at the left bottom of the text area
        \llap{\color{gray}\rule{.1cm}{\LenToUnit\textheight}% can put spacing here, e.g \hspace{.25cm}
        }%
    }%
}

% margin theorem
\makeatletter
\newtheoremstyle{mymargin}%
{\item[\theorem@headerfont \llap{##1 ##2}]}%
{\item[\theorem@headerfont \llap{##1 ##2}| ##3\theorem@separator\hskip\labelsep]}%
\makeatother

% my definition
\theoremstyle{mymargin}
\theorembodyfont{}      % customize these to suit your tastes
\theoremsymbol{}
\theoremprework{}
\theorempostwork{}
\theoremseparator{}
\newtheorem{mydefinition}{Definition}
\numberwithin{mydefinition}{section}

\begin{document}
\chapter{My chapter}
\section{First section}
\lipsum[1]
\begin{mydefinition}
\lipsum[2]
\begin{equation}\label{eq:myequation}
    f(x)=x^2
\end{equation}
Test reference: \eqref{eq:myequation}
\end{mydefinition}

\end{document}

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Two-sided document: reverse page margins for hardcopy

It is normal that the outside margins are larger than the inside margins. However, KOMA-script/typearea supports the specification of a binding correction. That is, specifying how much space will be lost on the inside of the pages due to binding. The effect is that it shifts the text to the outside by that amount.

You specify the binding correction by passing the BCOR option to the documentclass: \documentclass[BCOR=3cm]{scrbook}. Alternatively, you can also add \KOMAoptions{BCOR=3cm}\recalctypearea to your preamble.

Edit: One way to switch margins is to add the following to your preamble:

\let\tmp\oddsidemargin
\let\oddsidemargin\evensidemargin
\let\evensidemargin\tmp
\reversemarginpar

This will exchange the margin sizes and print marginpars on the inside. I don't know whether that switching has any other unintended side-effects.

[Tex/LaTex] Theorem numbering

When using either the ntheorem or the amsthm package to declare theorem-like environments, it's important to make use of the following rules of syntax when using \newtheorem:

If you want the counter of a theorem-like environment to be subordinate to, say, the section number, use a directive such as
```
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
```
i.e., the option [section] (the name of the "parent counter") should come at the end.
If, on the other hand, you want the theorem-like environment (say, corollary) to share a counter with an already-existing environment (say, theorem), use the following syntax:
```
\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}
```
i.e., i..e, the option [theorem] (the name of the "shared counter") should be placed between the environment name and the way the environment's name should be typeset.

The output of a full MWE:

\documentclass{article}  
\usepackage{ntheorem}

\theoremstyle{theorem} 
   \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
   \newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}
   \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
   \newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}
\theoremstyle{definition}
   \newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}
   \newtheorem{example}[theorem]{Example}
\theoremstyle{remark}    
  \newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark}

\begin{document}
\setcounter{section}{1}

\begin{theorem} a \end{theorem}
\begin{proposition} b \end{proposition}
\begin{definition} c \end{definition}
\begin{example} d \end{example}
\begin{remark} e \end{remark}
\begin{lemma} f \end{lemma}

\end{document}

Best Answer

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[Tex/LaTex] Two-sided document: reverse page margins for hardcopy

[Tex/LaTex] Theorem numbering

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