The algorithm for placing sub- and superscripts is "hard-wired" in the TeX engine, and it's not as simple as you might think. First of all, there's a special treatment for sub- and superscripts of "simple characters" like a
, \alpha
or \mathcal{A}
. In this case you also have some horizontal displacement of the subscript that is determined by the italic correction of the character: for example, the subscript should be shifted to the left for an F
, but not for an A
.
The default values for raising and lowering are as follows in the case of "simple characters". The superscript is (tentatively!) raised by the maximum of (depth of superscript) + (1/4 of the x-height)
and σk
, where the x-height is the \fontdimen
parameter number 5, and σk
is \fontdimen
parameter number k (of \textfont2
unless the whole formula is in a sub- or superscript itself). Now it depends on the current style (which, unfortunately, the TeX user can only access via \mathpalette
or \mathchoice
): In \displaystyle
k=13 is used, in "cramped style" k=15, and k=14 otherwise.
How much the subscript is lowered depends on the presence of a superscript. If there's a superscript, then the subscript is (tentatively!) lowered by σ17
, otherwise by the maximum of (height of subscript) - (80% of the x-height)
and σ16
. In the case of a sub- and superscript combination there's an additional adjustment (with some unpleasant side effects), see e.g. this answer of mine.
If the sub- or superscript is not attached to a "simple character" but to some other nucleus, then additional minimum shift values are used: the superscript is raised by at least (height of nucleus) - σ18
, the subscript is lowered by at least (depth of nucleus) + σ19
, where σ18
and σ19
are to be taken from \scriptfont2
unless the whole formula is in a sub- or superscript itself (in which case \scriptscriptfont2
should be used).
I'm not sure if you really want to implement this ... if you do, have a look at Rule 18 of Appendix G in the TeXbook for details.
Best Answer
Type 'H', then Insert > Formatting > Subscript, then press the right arrow (this gets you out of the subscript), then type '0'.
You can assign this operation to a key shortcut such as [Ctrl]+[,] using
script-insert subscript
(see also: lyx shortcut for superscript and subscript).