[Tex/LaTex] Multiple bibliographies

bibliographiesbibtexincludesubdividing

I have the following:

\documentclass{report}
\begin{document}
\include{chapter1}
\include{chapter2}
\end{document}

I also have a reference.bib file, with entries book1, book2 and book3.

chapter1.tex:

\chapter{Foo}
Some text and a reference to \cite{book1}. But also have a look in \cite{book2}...
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{references}

and chapter2.tex being exactly the same except change book2 to book3. Thus book1 is cited in both, but book2 is only cited in chapter1 and book3 only in chapter2.

This produces "multiply-defined" warnings so I am looking for an easy way to do this properly. Any suggestions greatly appreciated.

EDIT:
Bibtex produces this:

This is BibTeX, Version 0.99c (TeX Live 2009/Debian)
The top-level auxiliary file: main.aux
A level-1 auxiliary file: chapter1.aux
The style file: plain.bst
A level-1 auxiliary file: chapter2.aux
Illegal, another \bibdata command---line 4 of file chapter2.aux
 : \bibdata
 :         {references}
I'm skipping whatever remains of this command
Database file #1: references.bib
Warning--empty publisher in book1
(There was 1 error message)

And the output from pdflatex is:

This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian)
entering extended mode
(./main.tex
LaTeX2e <2009/09/24>
Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh
yphenation, ngerman, german, german-x-2009-06-19, ngerman-x-2009-06-19,    loaded.

(/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/report.cls
Document Class: report 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/share/texmf-texlive/tex/latex/base/size10.clo)) (./main.aux
(./chapter1.aux) (./chapter2.aux

LaTeX Warning: Label `book2' multiply defined.


LaTeX Warning: Label `book1' multiply defined.


LaTeX Warning: Label `book3' multiply defined.

)) (./chapter1.tex
Chapter 1.
(./main.bbl [1{/var/lib/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}])) [2]
(./chapter2.tex
Chapter 2.
(./main.bbl [3])) [4] (./main.aux (./chapter1.aux) (./chapter2.aux))

LaTeX Warning: There were multiply-defined labels.

)</usr/share/texmf-texlive/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmbx12.pfb>   </usr/sha
re/texmf-texlive/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb></usr/share   /texmf-tex
live/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmti10.pfb>
Output written on main.pdf (4 pages, 38197 bytes).
Transcript written on main.log.

Best Answer

It seems that you are using the chapterbib package to produce your multiple bibliographies. The error messages that you are getting suggests that you are not compiling your document correctly.

I'll explain how to compile your document with a simple example; I'll assume that your main document is called test.tex and looks like this:

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{chapterbib}
\begin{document}

\include{chapter1}
\include{chapter2}

\end{document}

The file chapter1.tex:

\chapter{Foo}
Some text and a reference to \cite{goossens93}. But also have a look in \cite{knuth79}...
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{references}

The file chapter2.tex:

\chapter{Bar}
Some text and a reference to \cite{lamport94}. But also have a look in \cite{knuth79}...
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{references}

The database references.bib:

@book{goossens93,
    author = "Michel Goossens and Frank Mittlebach and Alexander Samarin",
    title = "The Latex Companion A",
    year = "1993",
    publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
    address = "Reading, Massachusetts"

}

@book{knuth79,
    author = "Donald E. Knuth",
        title = "Tex and Metafont, New Directions in Typesetting",
    year = {1979{(}1950{)}},
    publisher = "American Mathematical Society and Digital Press",
    address = "Stanford"
}

@book{lamport94,
    author = "Leslie Lamport",
    title = "Latex: A Document Preparation System",
    year = "1994",
    edition = "Second",
    publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
    address = "Reading, Massachusetts"
}

You have to compile your document in the following way:

pdflatex test
bibtex chapter1
bibtex chapter2
pdflatex test
pdflatex test

In your actual document, as a first step, you'll need to remove the auxiliary files to prevent possible inherited errors.

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Multiple bibliographies and one global bibliography – all with global labels

Here's a biblatex solution that satisfies your main requirement -- a combination of local bibliographies and a global one, with congruent local/global entry labels. However, instead of individual .bib files for each section I use a global file including special keywords fields to indicate an entry's affiliation with one or several sections.

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[style=alphabetic]{biblatex}

\defbibheading{subbibforsec}[\refname\ for section~\thesection]{%
    \subsection*{#1}}

\usepackage{filecontents}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@misc{A01,
  keywords = {foo,bar},
  author = {Author, A.},
  year = {2001},
  title = {Alpha},
}
@misc{B02x,
  keywords = {foo},
  author = {Buthor, B.},
  year = {2002},
  title = {Bravo},
}
@misc{B02y,
  keywords = {bar},
  author = {Buthor, B.},
  year = {2002},
  title = {Bravissimo},
}
\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

\nocite{*}

\begin{document}

\section{Foo}

Some text \autocite{B02x}.

\printbibliography[heading=subbibforsec,keyword=foo]

\section{Bar}

Some text \autocite{B02y}.

\printbibliography[heading=subbibforsec,keyword=bar]

\printbibliography

\end{document}

enter image description here

[Tex/LaTex] Multiple bibliographies without BibTeX

You can apply ChrisH's prefix solution as a software fix by modifying the macros to add the prefix automatically. To do this, add in the preamble:

% Save old cite/bibitem command(s)
\let\oldcite\cite
\let\oldtextcite\textcite % Add others as needed
\let\oldbibitem\bibitem

% Add new counter to increment at each paper
\newcounter{papernum}
\def\nextpaper{\stepcounter{papernum}}

% Define new cite/bibitem command(s) with prefix applied
\def\mynewcite#1{\oldcite{\thepapernum#1}}%
\def\mynewtextcite#1{\oldtextcite{\thepapernum#1}}%
\def\mynewbibitem#1{\oldbibitem{\thepapernum#1}}%

% Reroute original commands to new commands
\let\cite\mynewcite%
\let\textcite\mynewtextcite%
\let\bibitem\mynewbibitem%

And then the only other change needed is to add \nextpaper at the beginning of each paper. As noted in the code below, you could apply this to all \section* commands, but you would need to take care that the counter is not incremented in places where it shouldn't be (like right before the references are typeset, in this case).

As desired, the output becomes:

bibliography

Full Code

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}

% Save old cite/bibitem command(s)
\let\oldcite\cite
\let\oldtextcite\textcite % Add others as needed
\let\oldbibitem\bibitem

% Add new counter to increment at each paper
\newcounter{papernum}
\def\nextpaper{\stepcounter{papernum}}

% Define new cite/bibitem command(s) with prefix applied
\def\mynewcite#1{\oldcite{\thepapernum#1}}%
\def\mynewtextcite#1{\oldtextcite{\thepapernum#1}}%
\def\mynewbibitem#1{\oldbibitem{\thepapernum#1}}%

% Reroute original commands to new commands
\let\cite\mynewcite%
\let\textcite\mynewtextcite%
\let\bibitem\mynewbibitem%

\section*{Paper 1}\nextpaper %This could be wrapped into whatever unit you use to start a new paper; just make sure another sectioning command (in this case, References is also a \section*) doesn't increment the counter in places you don't want it to.
Ipsum \cite{ipsum}, % I want this to produce the text '[1]', since it is number 1 in this paper's bibliography.
Dolor \cite{dolor}

\begin{thebibliography}{9}
\bibitem{ipsum} Ipsum
\bibitem{dolor} Dolor
\end{thebibliography}

\section*{Paper 2}\nextpaper
Lorem \cite{lorem}, Ipsum \cite{ipsum}

\begin{thebibliography}{9}
\bibitem{lorem} Lorem
\bibitem{ipsum} Ipsum
\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}

Alternative

Just another thought...

ChrisH also commented, "I assume joining PDFs isn't an option, as articles may share a page?" This is actually a strategy employed by some journals, where papers are designed with wider margins and no header/pagenumber. These "camera-ready" papers can be added to the journal doc with pdfpages and have the header/pagenumber generated within the bigger package and overlaid on the papers (via a mechanism similar to the answer here).

For example, the IEEEtran.cls class is designed with this approach in mind. Excerpts from the documentation note:

The margins are increased as the height of the text is reduced to about 9.25in. In particular, the bottom margin will become larger than that of the top as IEEE wants extra clearance at the bottom. The text height will not be exactly 9.25in, but will vary slightly with the normal font size to ensure an integer number of lines in a column.

Headings and page numbers are not displayed in the headers or footers. This, coupled with symmetric horizontal margins, will mean that there will not be a noticeable difference between one and two sided options.

and

Publication IDs are not to be placed by the author on camera ready conference papers so \pubid{} is disabled in conference mode. Instead the bottom margin is automatically increased by IEEEtran when in conference mode to give IEEE room for such marks at the time of publication. In draft mode, the publisher ID mark will not be printed at the bottom of the titlepage, but room will be cleared for it.