You can use the Memoir document class. It provides two things that are relevant to your question:
More Base Font Sizes
The standard LaTeX document classes only allow you to choose 10pt, 11pt or 12point as the "base" font size for your document. Memoir provides many more choices: 9pt, 10pt, 11pt, 12pt, 14pt, 17pt, 20pt, 25pt, 30pt, 36pt, 48pt and 60pt. Since all font size declarations are affected by the base font size, using a bigger base font size will make \Huge
render in a bigger font.
The \HUGE Font Size
For when it absolutely has to be bigger than \Huge
, crank it to 11 with \HUGE
.
The Problem lies within the definition of \textsuperscript
that uses math mode.
\DeclareRobustCommand*\textsuperscript[1]{%
\@textsuperscript{\selectfont#1}}
\def\@textsuperscript#1{%
{\m@th\ensuremath{^{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}
A possible workaround is redefining the actual command so that it will not get in the way with your equations, this needs graphicx
:
\renewcommand{\textsuperscript}[1]{\raisebox{0.8ex}{\scalebox{0.66}{#1}}}
Or this needs relsize
\renewcommand{\textsuperscript}[1]{\raisebox{0.8ex}{\smaller{#1}}}
I admit that this is just an easy workaround emulating the typrsetting of superscripts. It might be possible, that modern typography defines super/subscript in a certain way.
This also works with various enlargements of text sizes. This MWE also emulates a textsubscript:
\documentclass[12pt,oneside,letterpaper,titlepage]{article}
\DeclareMathSizes{12}{20}{14}{10}
%% Solution 1
\usepackage{relsize} %smaller
\renewcommand{\textsuperscript}[1]{\raisebox{0.8ex}{\smaller{#1}}}
\newcommand{\textsubscript}[1]{\raisebox{-0.4ex}{\smaller{#1}}}
%% Solution 2
%%\usepackage{graphicx} %scalebox
%%\renewcommand{\textsuperscript}[1]{\raisebox{0.8ex}{\scalebox{0.66}{#1}}}
%%\newcommand{\textsubscript}[1]{\raisebox{-0.4ex}{\scalebox{0.66}{#1}}}
\begin{document}
...modulation by Ca\textsuperscript{2+}...
...soluted in water H\textsubscript{2}O...\\
\tiny Ca\textsuperscript{2+}
\scriptsize Ca\textsuperscript{2+}
\footnotesize Ca\textsuperscript{2+}
\small Ca\textsuperscript{2+}
\normalsize Ca\textsuperscript{2+}
\large Ca\textsuperscript{2+}
\Large Ca\textsuperscript{2+}
\LARGE Ca\textsuperscript{2+}
\huge Ca\textsuperscript{2+}
\Huge Ca\textsuperscript{2+}
\normalsize
\begin{equation}
\sigma^2 = iI - \frac{I^2}{N}
\end{equation}
\end{document}
Further reading relsize and graphicx.
For chemistry typesetting (I guessed that on the calcium bit) there are some packages available, like bpchem or mhchem, that handle formulas quite well.
Best Answer
How about put them in text mode and then use \Huge, \Large, etc.