You have to create your own layout for the title page, using the environment titlepage. A minimal example:
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{titlepage}
\null\vfill
\begin{center}
{\Huge My Title}
\vskip 2cm
{\Large Subtitle or whatever}
\vskip 1cm
{\large Institution or whatever}
\end{center}
\vfill
\vfill
\begin{tabular}{r}
Author Name\\
\small\today\\
\end{tabular}
\hfill
\end{titlepage}
\end{document}
Which produces the rather dull output:
You can see examples of more interesting titlepages in the collections by Vincent Zoonekynd and Peter Wilson
The following example defines a new counter llabel for the listings' markings.
Package pifont is used to get the symbols, therefore the markings are limited to the range of 1 upto 10. Otherwise, package tikz can be used to draw own symbols without this limitation.
Macro \llabel takes a symbolic name that can be used later for \ref. It needs to be executed right at the beginning of the line, because then its position is known. The label is put to the left with the distance \llabelsep from the listings line number.
To get \llabel executed inside the listings the mathescape feature of package listings is used.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{pifont}
\makeatletter
\AtBeginDocument{%
% Counter `lstlisting' is not defined before `\begin{document}'
\newcounter{llabel}[lstlisting]%
\renewcommand*{\thellabel}{%
\ifnum\value{llabel}<0 %
\@ctrerr
\else
\ifnum\value{llabel}>10 %
\@ctrerr
\else
\protect\ding{\the\numexpr\value{llabel}+201\relax}%
\fi
\fi
}%
}
\newlength{\llabelsep}
\setlength{\llabelsep}{5pt}
\newcommand*{\llabel}[1]{%
\begingroup
\refstepcounter{llabel}%
\label{#1}%
\llap{%
\thellabel\kern\llabelsep
\hphantom{\lst@numberstyle\the\lst@lineno}%
\kern\lst@numbersep
}%
\endgroup
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\setcounter{section}{2}
\subsection{Hello, world!}
\begin{lstlisting}[
language=C,
numbers=left,
numberstyle=\small\itshape,
stepnumber=1,
frame=lines,
backgroundcolor=\color{yellow!25},
mathescape,
]
$\llabel{header}$#include <stdio.h>
/* This is a comment */
$\llabel{main}$int main()
{
$\llabel{hello}$ printf("Hello, world!\n");
$\llabel{exit}$ return 0;
}
/* Another function */
$\llabel{foobar}$int foobar()
{
return 0;
}
\end{lstlisting}
We first include the \verb|stdio.h| header file \ref{header}.
We then declare the \verb|main| function \ref{main}.
We then print ``Hello, world!'' \ref{hello}.
Finally, we return value 0 \ref{exit}.
Another function \verb|foobar| is defined in \ref{foobar}.
\end{document}
It is also possible to have source files that keep working by using special markers
and using option
escapeinside={/@}{@/}
instead of mathescape:
/*@\llabel{header}@*/#include <stdio.h>
/* This is a comment */
/*@\llabel{main}@*/int main()
{
/*@\llabel{hello}@*/ printf("Hello, world!\n");
/*@\llabel{exit}@*/ return 0;
}
/* Another function */
/*@\llabel{foobar}@*/int foobar()
{
return 0;
}
Putting \llabel at end of line
The following variant allows to put \llabel anywhere on the source line, also the end of line, where it does not disrupt the formatting. For this purpose the line marker is also remembered by a label with the line number in its name. The marker is then put along the line number hooking into numberstyle:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{pifont}
\makeatletter
\AtBeginDocument{%
% Counter `lstlisting' is not defined before `\begin{document}'
\newcounter{llabel}[lstlisting]%
\renewcommand*{\thellabel}{%
\ifnum\value{llabel}<0 %
\@ctrerr
\else
\ifnum\value{llabel}>10 %
\@ctrerr
\else
\protect\ding{\the\numexpr\value{llabel}+201\relax}%
\fi
\fi
}%
}
\newlength{\llabelsep}
\setlength{\llabelsep}{5pt}
\newcommand*{\llabel@name}{%
llabel\the\value{lstlisting}.\the\lst@lineno
}
\newcommand*{\llabel}[1]{%
\begingroup
\refstepcounter{llabel}%
\label{#1}%
\label{\llabel@name}%
\endgroup
}
\newcommand*{\llabelput}{%
\@ifundefined{r@\llabel@name}{%
}{%
\ref{\llabel@name}%
\kern\llabelsep
}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\setcounter{section}{2}
\subsection{Hello, world!}
\begin{lstlisting}[
language=C,
numbers=left,
numberstyle=\small\itshape\llabelput,
stepnumber=1,
frame=lines,
backgroundcolor=\color{yellow!25},
columns=flexible,
escapeinside={/*@}{@*/},
]
#include <stdio.h> /*@\llabel{header}@*/
/* This is a comment */
int main() /*@\llabel{main}@*/
{
printf("Hello, world!\n"); /*@\llabel{hello}@*/
return 0; /*@\llabel{exit}@*/
}
/* Another function */
int foobar() /*@\llabel{foobar}@*/
{
return 0;
}
\end{lstlisting}
We first include the \verb|stdio.h| header file \ref{header}.
We then declare the \verb|main| function \ref{main}.
We then print ``Hello, world!'' \ref{hello}.
Finally, we return value 0 \ref{exit}.
Another function \verb|foobar| is defined in \ref{foobar}.
\end{document}
This should also work with an external file instead of the embedded listings.
Best Answer
One easy option would be to use the
escapecharoption to escape to LaTeX and simply put the label generation into the last line of the listing:The above has – depending on the viewpoint – the (dis-)advantage that you (have to/can) specify the label in the actual listing source code.
If you want the label as a parameter to the
codeenvironment, a bit more work is necessary: