I'm wondering which font packages are available in MikTeX and TeXLive containing real small caps and also work together with the "microtype" package? ... kpfonts has real small caps but doesn't work with microtype as it complains that it doesn't work with non-scalable fonts.
As others have pointed out, the fact that you're getting this error message is not because of some fundamental incompatibility between the two packages, but because your document's preamble instructions must, somewhere, be loading the font in OT1 encoding. Finding the offending instruction and replacing it with a command such as
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
should do the trick.
By the way, version 2.5 of microtype, available in beta form from this site, coexists just fine with xelatex. The package's "official" version on the CTAN is still 2.4., which unfortunately doesn't work with xe(la)tex. I've been using version 2.5 for more than a month now without experiencing any problems when using xelatex.
I believe there are quite a few latex packages that provide fonts with "real" small caps and also come with matching math fonts. Among them are (with no claim whatsoever to completeness!)
- lmodern [yep!]
- kpfonts
- mathpazo (Palatino-type font); load as follows:
\usepackage[sc]{mathpazo}
- mathptmx (Times New Roman font)
There is also the fourier package, which uses a font that's based on the Adobe Utopia text font (generally classified as a "transitional" font a la Baskerville). To get "real" rather than "faked" small caps with this package, you'll have to have access to Adobe's (non-free) Utopia font; if your system already happens to have this font, you may want to consider it too.
That's Helvetica and Courier - probably from using a Times font package \usepackage{mathptmx} (they tend to pull Helvetica and Courier for sans serif and monospaced text). The curly "C" looks like a usual \mathcal. The double brackets are probably from stmaryrd.sty and are called \llbracket and \rrbracket. The star is \star. And the curly l is \ell.
Best Answer
The "kp" in "kpfonts" stands for (Johnnes) Kepler. The fonts in the
kpfontspackage are based on Hermann Zapf'sPalatinofont, but provide many interesting extensions and adaptations, such as giving easy access to old-style numerals and the very old-style "long" form of the letter "s".