If you're getting literally that error—with no visible character after the \u8:
—then what's probably happening is that you have some sort of invisible or space unicode character in your document. For instance, on my Mac, if I hit option-space, I get a non-breaking space, which gives an error that looks like that. You also might have some other character; a zero-width breakable space, for instance. If you copied and pasted your error, looking at the source of this page indicates that you might have a soft hyphen in your source (Unicode character 0xAD
, representing a valid hyphenation point but not typeset unless there's a word-break). Thus, find the line it's occurring on, and comb through that line until you find it. Retype it if necessary, but a good editor should let you find it. Once you delete it, then your first three methods should work.
When I use your header (commenting out \frechbsetup
, which doesn't seem to exist, and using \documentclass{article}
), $^{\circ}$
renders as a largeish circle in the superscript position, $\deg$
renders as the upright text "deg", and \textdegree
renders as a smaller circle. A literal °
doesn't work by default. To make it work, you can use \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{B0}{\textdegree}
. This tells inputenc
to treat the Unicode character 0xB0
, the °
, as though it were \textdegree
, which is what you want. You could also use this to see if your problem is the soft hyphen; insert \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{AD}{\Huge [ICI]}
to get the text [ICI]
rendered into your document in huge letters wherever there's a soft hyphen. (Of course, if there's some other invisible character, you'll just get the error.)
Also, although I've never used it, you could try using XeLaTeX instead of PDFLaTeX; it has full UTF-8 support out of the box.
As suggested in the comments, you could set your font to one that supports Unicode (this solution requires XeLaTeX):
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Arial Unicode MS} % Other fonts that might work: Hiragino Maru Gothic Pro, Lao Sangam MN, Inaimathi, Microsoft Sans Serif
\begin{document}\huge
\noindent a b c \\
◌ \\
ä ë \\
à è \\
ç
\end{document}
Best Answer
If the engine is Unicode aware and a font is used, which contains the glyph for the private Unicode code point:
See: The ^^ notation in various engines. This is TeX's method to encode non-ASCII characters with ASCII and can also be used inside command tokens.
There are also commands to select a character by slot in the current font:
LaTeX command:
or the (plain) TeX variant:
BTW, there is a non-private code point for this glyph:
U+27A2 Three-D Top-Lighted Rightwards Arrowhead