[Tex/LaTex] I get dashes instead of bullets in \itemize

Question

When I use \begin{itemize} ... \end{itemize}, the items are displayed as dashes.
But I want them to be displayed by bullets.
Those are my headers:

\documentclass[11pt]{llncs}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{dsfont}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{fixltx2e}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{comment} 
\usepackage{amsmath}                                
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage[algosection, boxruled, linesnumbered]{algorithm2e}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\definecolor{bl}{rgb}{0.0,0.2,0.6} 
\definecolor{dark-red}{rgb}{0.4,0.15,0.15}
\definecolor{dark-blue}{rgb}{0.15,0.15,0.4}
\definecolor{medium-blue}{rgb}{0,0,0.5}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\hypersetup{
    colorlinks, linkcolor={dark-red},
    citecolor={dark-blue}, urlcolor={medium-blue}
}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[compact]{titlesec}
\newtheorem{observation}{\textsc{Observation}}
\begin{document}
\begin{itemize}
\item Item 1
\item Item 2
\item Item 3
\end{itemize}
\end{document}

As far as I've read, the french options makes this. But I have french nowhere. What could cause this?

Answer 1

This is the default behaviour of llncs.cls as it sets

\renewcommand\labelitemi{\normalfont\bfseries --}
\renewcommand\labelitemii{$\m@th\bullet$}

meaning first-level itemize items will be set with dashes, while second-level items will be set with bullets. You can adjust this by adding to your preamble

\let\labelitemi\labelitemii

However, consider that for journal submissions, these things should not be altered.

As a showcase of this behaviour, here's a minimal example:

\documentclass{llncs}% ftp://ftp.springernature.com/cs-proceeding/llncs/llncs2e.zip

\begin{document}

\begin{itemize}
  \item Like this,
  \item and like this.
\end{itemize}

\let\labelitemi\labelitemii

\begin{itemize}
  \item Like this,
  \item and like this.
\end{itemize}

\end{document}