I believe you need to load the ACM-Reference-Format-Journals style to get citations and references in the form described in the excerpts you've posted. I.e., issue the command
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format-Journals}
instead of \bibliographystyle{acm}. If you don't already have this style file, go to the ACM LaTeX Style Guide webpage and download and unpack any one of the three zip files for authors (v2-acmsmall.zip, v2-acmlarge.zip, v2-acmtog.zip), and then copy the .bst file to the directory that contains your TeX file(s).
To get authoryear-style citations, you should also load the natbib package.
Addendum Feb. 2017: The ACM LaTeX style guide webpage appear to have migrated to https://www.acm.org/publications/acm-latex-style-guide-3jan2017.
Addendum Apr. 2021: The ACM LaTeX style guide webpage has migrated yet again. It is currently available at ACM Primary Article Templates AND Publication Workflow. Note that there are separate templates, depending on whether your computer uses MacOS or Windows. (I have no idea what users of Linux, etc, might want to do.) The ACM's template files are now also available in an Overleaf depository.
I think that thesis type is right. The following shows two possibilities. Incidentally, your date format was wrong, but I've corrected it: you need to divide dates with hyphens not slashes.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@thesis{thesis,
author = {John Dough and Jane Doe},
title = {An example of some basic analysis},
submissiondate = {2013/01/22},
date = {2013}, % based on submissiondate
urldate = {2014-04-10},
url = {http://example.com/2013/example_semester_report_12.pdf},
type = {3rd semester project report},
institution = {Dept. of Something, University of South Nowhereton},
}
@misc{misc,
author = {John Dough and Jane Doe},
title = {An example of some basic analysis},
submissiondate = {2013/01/22},
year = {2013}, % based on submissiondate
urldate = {2014-04-10},
url = {http://example.com/2013/example_semester_report_12.pdf},
note = {3rd semester project report},
institution = {Dept. of Something, University of South Nowhereton},
}
% note: `type` is "commented" below, to show that "Tech. rep." is inserted
% by default for techreport, even if `type` is not explicitly set.
% to overload, uncomment the type, and set needed value.
@techreport{techreport,
//type = {Tech. rep.},
author = {John Dough and Jane Doe},
title = {An example of some basic analysis},
submissiondate = {2013/01/22},
year = {2013},
urldate = {2014-04-10},
url = {http://example.com/2013/example_semester_report_12.pdf},
note = {3rd semester project report},
institution = {Dept. of Something, University of South Nowhereton},
}
\end{filecontents}
\usepackage[style=authoryear]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\begin{document}
\nocite{*}
\printbibliography[type=thesis, title={Using Thesis Type}]
\printbibliography[type=misc, title={Using Misc Type}]
% note: for some reason bibtex will parse the above @techreport
% into just {report} in the .bbl; so use "report" here to select!
\printbibliography[type=report, title={Using Techreport Type}]
\end{document}
Best Answer
ACM thinks that a year is too important to omit. You may write it as
2012(?)or[2012]for estimated or not stated year, but it must be there.