[Tex/LaTex] How to force caption below figure

captionsfloatspositioning

I find captions appearing above figures in the PDF output of a latex thesis file using the code below:

\includegraphics{chapter2/fig5.pdf} 
\begin{figure}  
\label{Fig. 5} 
\caption{Time responses using optimal drive sweep rates obtained from a numerical      
parameter search for the: (a) pendulum $(\omega=1, \alpha=-0.01)$, (b) softening
Duffing oscillator $(\epsilon=1/6, \omega=1, \alpha=-0.001)$ and (c) softening  
Duffing-Van der Pol oscillator $(\epsilon=1/6, \omega=1, \mu=0.005, \alpha=-0.01
$) using the  downward swept drive $(F \cos(\omega t-0.5(\alpha t^2)), F=0.5) $ }
\end{figure}

I presume the problem has to do with the lengthy caption. I read a similar question on this site but unfortunately the answer did not work. I also tried adding [!h] after the includegraphics command to no avail.

Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

Best Answer

Put the \includegraphics command immediately after \begin{figure}. Also, put \label after \caption for correct cross-references. Positioning arguments like [!ht] should, if it all, be used this way: \begin{figure}[!ht].

EDIT: To clarify: In your document, the caption is inside a (floating) figure environment, while the graphic presumably is part of the normal text flow. Therefore, it is likely that the caption will be placed above (or even separate from) the graphic.

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Force figure placement in text

The short answer: use the “float” package and then the [H] option for your figure.

\usepackage{float}

...

\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics{slike/visina8}
\caption{Write some caption here}\label{visina8}
\end{figure}

The longer answer: The default behaviour of figures is to float, so that LaTeX can find the best way to arrange them in your document and make it look better. If you have a look, this is how books are often typeset. So, usually the best thing to do is just to let LaTeX do its work and don't try to force the placement of figures at specific locations. This also means that you should avoid using phrases such as “in the following figure:”, which requires the figure to be set a specific location, and use “in Figure~\ref{..}“ instead, taking advantage of LaTeX's cross-references.

If for some reason you really want some particular figure to be placed “HERE”, and not where LaTeX wants to put it, then use the [H] option of the “float” package which basically turns the floating figure into a regular non-float.

Also note that, if you don't want to add a caption to your figure, then you don't need to use the figure environment at all! You can use the \includegraphics command anywhere in your document to insert an image.

[Tex/LaTex] How to force table caption on top

There are multiple ways to force a table caption on top of the tables.

You could use the float package and use the following code:

\usepackage{float}
\floatstyle{plaintop}
\restylefloat{table}

A drawback of this is that you can't have more than one caption per table, i.e. you can't have two different tabulars with two captions side-by-side.

If your table caption are already forced to be below the table (normally they are placed where the \caption macro is used), some part of your thesis, maybe a custom package, might already use float with different settings.

You can also set the table caption position to the top using:

\usepackage[tableposition=top]{caption}

However, this should only influence the vertical skip around the caption. Without this line the caption in your example should be already placed on top, just not with the correct distance.

Finally you can define a \captionabove macro and place this at the begin of the table environment. This macro uses the normal \caption but uses the correct vertical spacing for top-captions (by compensating the spacing added by \caption and adding the correct one).

(It would also be possible to swap the values of the \abovecaptionskip and \belowcaptionskip registers, but this requires grouping which has a negative impact on a \label which follows.)

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\captionabove}[2][]{%
    \vskip-\abovecaptionskip
    \vskip+\belowcaptionskip
    \ifx\@nnil#1\@nnil
        \caption{#2}%
    \else
        \caption[#1]{#2}%
    \fi
    \vskip+\abovecaptionskip
    \vskip-\belowcaptionskip
}

% If \captionof is required:
% Usage: \captionaboveof[<short caption>]{table}{<caption>}
\newcommand{\captionaboveof}[3][]{%
    \vskip-\abovecaptionskip
    \vskip+\belowcaptionskip
    \def\@captype{#2}%
    \ifx\@nnil#1\@nnil
        \caption{#3}%
    \else
        \caption[#1]{#3}%
    \fi
    \vskip+\abovecaptionskip
    \vskip-\belowcaptionskip
}
\makeatother

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Force figure placement in text

[Tex/LaTex] How to force table caption on top

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