[Tex/LaTex] How to create old-fashion scientific diagrams using TikZ

diagramstikz-pgf

I would like to reproduce following scientific diagram in a 1996 paper.

My questions:

(a) How did the author create such a figure? What software did he possibly used?

(b) Is it possible to do it using TikZ? If so, what is the general routine?

I appreciate your helps.

Best Answer

At least it works …

\documentclass[border=5pt,tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,backgrounds,shapes.arrows,positioning}
\tikzset{arrownode/.style={
        transform shape nonlinear=true,
        shape=double arrow,
        shape border rotate=180,
        draw
    }
}
\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,every node/.style={font=\footnotesize}]
        \draw[->] (-1.5,0) -- (1.5,0) node[above] {$x$};
        \draw[->] (0,-1.5) -- (0,1.7) node[right] {$y$};
            \draw[xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm] (0,0) rectangle (2,2);
                \draw[xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm,white] (0,0) -- (0,2);
                \draw[xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm,white] (0,0) -- (2,0);
                    \draw[xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm,thick] (0,2) -- (2,2);
            \draw[fill=white,xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm] (0,2) -- ([xshift=-.05cm,yshift=-.1cm]0,2) -- (1,1.8) -- ([xshift=-.05cm,yshift=-.1cm]2,2) -- (2,2);
            \draw[xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm] ([xshift=-.05cm,yshift=-.1cm]2,2) -- ([xshift=-.15cm]2,1) -- ([xshift=-.05cm,yshift=-.1cm]2,0) -- (2,0);
            \draw[fill=white,xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm] ([xshift=-.05cm,yshift=-.1cm]2,0) -- ([yshift=-.2cm]1,0) -- (0,0) -- ([xshift=-.2cm]0,1) -- ([xshift=-.05cm,yshift=-.1cm]0,2);
            \draw[fill=white,xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm] ([xshift=-.2cm]0,1) -- ([yshift=-.2cm].9,1) -- ([xshift=-.15cm]2,1);
            \draw[xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm] (1,1.8) -- ([yshift=-.2cm].9,1) -- ([yshift=-.2cm]1,0);
            \draw[xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm,fill=white] ([xshift=-.05cm,yshift=-.1cm]2,0) -- ([xshift=-.15cm]2,1) -- ([yshift=-.2cm].9,1) -- (1,-.2) -- cycle;
            \draw[xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm,fill=white] ([xshift=-.05cm,yshift=-.1cm]0,2) -- ([xshift=-.2cm]0,1) -- ([yshift=-.2cm].9,1) -- (1,1.8) -- cycle;
                \draw[xshift=.5cm,yshift=1.2cm] plot [smooth cycle] coordinates {(.5,1)(.4,.5)(.8,.2)(1.2,.3)(1.5,.5)(1.4,.8)(1.2,1)(1,1.1)};
            \draw[xshift=.5cm,yshift=1cm,fill=white] (2,2) -- ([xshift=-.05cm,yshift=-.1cm]2,2) -- ([xshift=-.15cm]2,1) -- ([xshift=-.05cm,yshift=-.1cm]2,0) -- (2,0) -- cycle;
        \draw (-1.4,0) -- ([xshift=.5cm,yshift=1.2cm].5,1);
        \draw (0,-1) -- ([xshift=.5cm,yshift=1.2cm]1.2,.3);
        \draw[shorten <=-.6cm,shorten >=.23cm,dash pattern=on 5pt off 1pt on .5 off 1pt] (0,0) -- ([xshift=.55cm,yshift=1cm]1,1);
        \begin{scope}[xshift=1.9cm,yshift=2.5cm]
            \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \draw[fill=white,radius=1.3cm] (.2,.2) circle;
                \draw[fill=white,radius=1.3cm] (0,0) circle;
                \coordinate (a) at (1.12,1.12);
            \end{pgfonlayer}
        \end{scope}
        \begin{scope}[shift={(3.5,3.5)}]
            \foreach \x in {1,2}
            \foreach \y in {1,2}
            {
                \draw[radius=.4cm] (\x,\y) circle;
            }
                \coordinate (b) at (.68,2.25);
                \coordinate (c) at ([xshift=1cm].68,2.25);
                \coordinate (d) at ([yshift=-1cm].68,2.25);
                \coordinate (e) at ([xshift=1cm,yshift=-1cm].68,2.25);
                    \coordinate (c1) at (1.35,1.8);
                    \coordinate (c2) at ([xshift=1cm]1.35,1.8);
                    \coordinate (c3) at ([yshift=-1cm]1.35,1.8);
                    \coordinate (c4) at ([xshift=1cm,yshift=-1cm]1.35,1.8);
            \draw (.5,.5) rectangle (2.5,2.5);
                \draw[dashed] (a) -- (1.5,1.5) node[pos=.34,above] {$b$};
                \draw[dashed] (c) -- ([xshift=-1.5cm,yshift=.25cm]a) -- (b);
                \draw[dashed] (d) -- ([xshift=-1.45cm,yshift=.29cm]a) -- (e);
                    \draw[dashed] (c1) -- ([xshift=.25cm,yshift=-1.5cm]a) -- (c2);
                    \draw[dashed] (c3) -- ([xshift=.25cm,yshift=-1.5cm]a) -- (c4);
            \node at (2.7,.3)  {\tiny Detector};
            \node at (0,2.7) {\tiny Pupils (abcd)};
                \draw[->] (1.5,2) -- (3,2) node[above] {$s$};
                \draw[->] (2,1.5) -- (2,3) node[right] {$t$};
                    \node at (.2,2.2) {$a$};
                    \node at (2.7,1) {$d$};
                    \node at (2.7,1.7) {$c$};
        \end{scope}
        \node[text width=1.7cm,left] at (-.5,1.3) {\tiny Large $F$/focus of the telescope};
        \node[text width=3cm] (n) at (4.5,0) {\tiny Blurred image of a reference source};
            \draw[->] (n) to[in=-20,out=170] ([xshift=.5cm,yshift=1.2cm]1.2,.3);
        \node at (4,1.5) {Lens Relay};
        \node[yscale=.5,arrownode] (node) at (-.5,3.3) {\phantom{\hspace{.7cm}}};
        \node[rotate=90,yscale=.5,arrownode,above=1 of node,yshift=-.1cm] (nnode) {\phantom{\hspace{.7cm}}};
        \node[above of=nnode] {\tiny Oscillating Pyramidal Prism};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Here is the output:

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[Tex/LaTex] How to insert a table in TikzEdt? (Create Tikz diagrams with tables using a GUI)

I've never used TikZEdt, but the first thing that strikes me is that you can place the tabulars in nodes. That is, start with

\begin{tikzpicture}
\node (tab1) {%
  \begin{tabular}{ccc}
  ID & Ord & Event\\
  \hline 
  Ana & 1 & A\\
  Tom & 1 & A\\
  Tom & 2 & B\\
  Tom & 3 & D\\
  \end{tabular}};
\end{tikzpicture}

and go from there.

For more tables, I suggest adding \usetikzlibrary{positioning} to the preamble (Code prepended in Settings -> compiler options), and then using something like

\begin{tikzpicture}
\node (tab1) {%
  \begin{tabular}{ccc}
  ID & Ord & Event\\
  \hline 
  Ana & 1 & A\\
  Tom & 1 & A\\
  Tom & 2 & B\\
  Tom & 3 & D\\
  \end{tabular}
};

\node [right=of tab1,yshift=2cm] (tab2) {%
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  ID & Ord & Event\\
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  Ana & 1 & A\\
  Tom & 1 & A\\
  \end{tabular}
};
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Create a chain of circle around a large circle using TikZ (and how I could learn to create this)

For the first answer, the TikZ documentation could be a good starting point, specially the Tutorials section. The link in the comments provides a lot of interesting resources too. And there are lots of examples across this site, varying from the very simple to the very difficult.

The second: the picture. You can do it with this simple code:

\documentclass[border=2mm,tikz]{standalone}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\def\R{3}   % Table radius
\def\r{0.5} % Seat radius
% Title
\node at (0,\R+1) {\Large Seats in a round table};
% Table
\draw[thick,fill=brown!30] (0,0) circle (\R);
% Seats (change the number 180 to rotate the seats)
\foreach\i in {1,...,12}  
  \draw[fill=white] (180-30*\i:\R) circle (\r) node {$\i$};
% Center (comment it or remove it if you don't want the center shown)
\fill (0,0) circle (0.5mm);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

I think that it's self-explanatory but just in case:

I made two variables \R and \r, for the radii. This way if you want to change them you don't need to look for then across all the code (not much in this case, but sometimes could be longer).
The \foreach statement repeats the next instruction as its name suggests, for each value of the variable \i in the range (1,...,12). So it draws 12 circles at the polar points which angle is function of \i: 180-30*\i (if you change the value 180 for another angle you can rotate the seats). As it is, the angles will be

180-30*1=150,  180-30*2=120,  ...  ,  180-30*12=-180

And finally this is the table:

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] How to insert a table in TikzEdt? (Create Tikz diagrams with tables using a GUI)

Create a chain of circle around a large circle using TikZ (and how I could learn to create this)

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