For documentation, this page provides an example, using the multirow package, under the section "Multiple rows". Let me know if you need a full example, I'll add it here below.
Bonne chance, Xavier
Edit 1 - Example 1
And here it is, this produce a similar table, with the first 2 columns being merges by rows, according to your example.
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{tabulary}
% \usepackage{polyglossia}
% \setmainlanguage{french}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}{|c|l|l|L|L|}
\hline
ID Module & Module & ID Scenario & Scenario & Priorite \\
\hline
1 & Gestion de l'inscription & 1.1 & En tant que & Elevee \\
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{2} & \multirow{2}{*}{Gestion de l'inscription} & 2.1 & En tant que & Elevee \\
& & 2.2 & En tant que & Elevee \\
\hline
\end{tabulary}
\end{table}
\end{document}
Best Answer
In my opinion, your table example is more a merge/span of several rows from the column "ID scénario" than a nested table. In Excel, which seems to be your original model, this would be the equivalent of merge.
For documentation, this page provides an example, using the multirow package, under the section "Multiple rows". Let me know if you need a full example, I'll add it here below.
Bonne chance, Xavier
Edit 1 - Example 1
And here it is, this produce a similar table, with the first 2 columns being merges by rows, according to your example.