[Tex/LaTex] How to automatically adjust subfigure width to textwidth?

floatssubcaption

Code where I have to manually adjust subfigure textwidth (here .95\textwidth) each time, but I would like do it automatically; you can use any enough big input image

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}

\begin{document}

    \begin{figure}
    \centering
    \begin{subfigure}{.95\textwidth}
        \adjustbox{trim=0 .45\height{} 0 0, clip, width=1\textwidth}
        {\includegraphics[page=1]{{P100C1}.pdf}}
    \caption{P100 C1.}
    \end{subfigure}

     \begin{subfigure}{.95\textwidth}
        \adjustbox{trim=0 .45\height{} 0 0, clip, width=1\textwidth}
        {\includegraphics[page=1]{{P100C1}.pdf}}
    \caption{P100 C2.}
    \end{subfigure}
    \caption{Descriptive statistics of two lorem ipsun on long recordings lorem ipsun dataabess lorem ipsun lorem ipsun.}
    \end{figure}

\end{document}

Input image can be downloaded from Google Drive Share here or other hosting service here made by NCSS Statistics.

Output

LaTeX Warning: Float too large for page by 11.50876pt on input line 1950.

Testing David and Arash's proposals

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{subfigure}[a]{.85\textwidth}
   \includegraphics[page=2,width=\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{P100C1.pdf}
\caption{P100 C1.}
\end{subfigure}

\begin{subfigure}[b]{.85\textwidth}
   \includegraphics[page=2,width=\linewidth,keepaspectratio]{P100C2.pdf}
\caption{P100 C2.}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Descriptive statistics of lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem.}
\end{figure}

Output: no warning

Automatic approach would be nice.

TeXLive: 2016
OS: Debian 8.5

Best Answer

Your modified write-up suggests that what you really need to do is to constrain the height of the graphs. Assuming your captions aren't overly long, setting the option height=0.4\textheight may work for you.

\documentclass[demo]{article} % remove 'demo' option in real document
\usepackage{graphicx,subcaption}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}

\begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[page=2,width=0.85\textwidth,
                    height=0.4\textheight,
                    keepaspectratio]{P100C1.pdf}
\caption{P100 C1.}
\end{subfigure}

\bigskip
\begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[page=2,width=0.85\textwidth,
                    height=0.4\textheight,
                    keepaspectratio]{P100C2.pdf}
\caption{P100 C2.}
\end{subfigure}

\caption{Descriptive statistics of lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem lorem.}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Problem on subfigure 2X2

Each of your \subfigures is 1\textwidth wide - there's no way LaTeX could fit two of these in a row. Also you don't need the minipage there.

Try something like this:

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{mwe}

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure*}
        \centering
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.475\textwidth}
            \centering
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Example-Image}
            \caption[Network2]%
            {{\small Network 1}}    
            \label{fig:mean and std of net14}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.475\textwidth}  
            \centering 
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Example-Image}
            \caption[]%
            {{\small Network 2}}    
            \label{fig:mean and std of net24}
        \end{subfigure}
        \vskip\baselineskip
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.475\textwidth}   
            \centering 
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Example-Image}
            \caption[]%
            {{\small Network 3}}    
            \label{fig:mean and std of net34}
        \end{subfigure}
        \hfill
        \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.475\textwidth}   
            \centering 
            \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Example-Image}
            \caption[]%
            {{\small Network 4}}    
            \label{fig:mean and std of net44}
        \end{subfigure}
        \caption[ The average and standard deviation of critical parameters ]
        {\small The average and standard deviation of critical parameters: Region R4} 
        \label{fig:mean and std of nets}
    \end{figure*}
\end{document}

2x2 output

Of course you would drop the \usepackage{mwe} and substitute your pictures back in at appropriate scaling.

[Tex/LaTex] why subfigure doesn’t occupy the full textwidth

You didn't state which package you use to help create the subfigure environments: subfigure -- which is deprecated and ought not to be used anymore -- subfig, or subcaption. I'll assume you're using subcaption.

One needs to remember that TeX converts single line breaks into space tokens. Thus, if each subfigure environment is terminated with a newline directive, the total width is 5*0.2\textwidth + 4*(width of space token), which exceeds \textwidth.

You have two choices: insert a % (comment character) at the end of the first four subfigure environments (to suppress the implicit insertion of a space character) or choose a width for each subfigure that's slightly less than 0.2\textwidth. I actually prefer the second approach.

enter image description here

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{subcaption}  
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\begin{document}

\hrule  %% just to illustrate width of text block

%% Five subfigures, width 0.2\textwidth, 
%% use "%" to assure no gap,
%% set image widths to 0.95\textwidth
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{subfigure}{0.2\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{figa}
\caption{First}
\end{subfigure}%
\begin{subfigure}{0.2\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{figb}
\caption{Second}
\end{subfigure}%
\begin{subfigure}{0.2\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{figc}
\caption{Third}
\end{subfigure}%
\begin{subfigure}{0.2\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{figd}
\caption{Fourth}
\end{subfigure}%
\begin{subfigure}{0.2\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{fige}
\caption{Fifth}
\end{subfigure}
\end{figure}

%% Five subfigures, width 0.18\textwidth, 
%% use "\hspace{\fill}" to maximize gaps,
%% set image widths to 1\textwidth
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{subfigure}{0.18\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{figa}
\caption{First}
\end{subfigure}\hspace{\fill}
\begin{subfigure}{0.18\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{figb}
\caption{Second}
\end{subfigure}\hspace{\fill}
\begin{subfigure}{0.18\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{figc}
\caption{Third}
\end{subfigure}\hspace{\fill}
\begin{subfigure}{0.18\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{figd}
\caption{Fourth}
\end{subfigure}\hspace{\fill}
\begin{subfigure}{0.18\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{fige}
\caption{Fifth}
\end{subfigure}
\end{figure}

\end{document}