[Tex/LaTex] Error :Bibliography not compatible with author-year citations

bibliographiesciting

I understand this question has been asked multiple times but I am not able to get an appropriate solution for my problem. If I remove the bibliography, the program runs fine but on adding it, I get the error given below. What should I do to resolve it? Also, this error comes when I put the bibliography in Sage Vancouver style only.If I change to Sage Harvard style, the error vanishes. But I need bibliography in Sage-Vancouver style only

Error

Overfull \vbox (2.93578pt too high) has occurred while \output is active []
Package natbib Error: Bibliography not compatible with author-year citations. ...mand\NAT@force@numbers{}\NAT@force@numbers

Latex program:

% sage_latex_guidelines.tex V1.10, 24 June 2016

\documentclass[Afour,sageh,times]{sagej}

\usepackage{moreverb,url}

\usepackage[colorlinks,bookmarksopen,bookmarksnumbered,citecolor=red,urlcolor=red]{hyperref}

\newcommand\BibTeX{{\rmfamily B\kern-.05em \textsc{i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}

\def\volumeyear{2016}

\begin{document}

\runninghead{Smith and Wittkopf}

%\title{A demonstration of the \LaTeXe\ class file for
%\itshape{SAGE Publications}}
\title{ABCXYZ}
\author{Al \affilnum{1} and HenD\affilnum{2}}

\affiliation{\affilnum{1}Sunrise Setting Ltd, UK\\
\affilnum{2}SAGE Publications Ltd, UK}

\corrauth{XUZABC}


\begin{abstract}

\end{abstract}

\keywords{abc, def, hja }

\maketitle

\section{Introduction}


\subsection{References}


\begin{acks}
This class file was developed by Sunrise Setting Ltd,
Brixham, Devon, UK.\\
Website: \url{http://www.sunrise-setting.co.uk}
\end{acks}


\begin{thebibliography}{99}

    \bibitem[1]{R1}
    2. Sikander A, Prasad R. Soft Computing Approach for Model Order Reduction of Linear Time Invariant Systems. \textit{Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing}. 2015;34(11):3471-3487.

    \bibitem[2]{R2}
    Smamash, Y. (1981). Truncation method of reduction: a viable alternative. Electronics Letters, 17(2), p.97.


\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}


\end{document}

Best Answer

The sagej document class loads the natbib citation management package.

Almost certainly, the journal's expected work flow is that authors use BibTeX, so that the contents of the thebibliography environment are produced by software, using a bibliography style that's compatible with natbib. (Fortunately, lots of bibliography styles are compatible with natbib.)

However, it looks like you are building the bibliography by hand. If that's the case, you must not only provide the formatting of the bibliographic items, you must also assure that the contents of the optional argument of \bibitem -- the material that's enclosed by square brackets -- satisfies natbib's expectations. As you can guess by now, 

\bibitem[1]{R1} ...
\bibitem[2]{R2} ...

does not satisfy these expectations. Instead, you should write 

\bibitem[Sikander and Prasad(2015)]{R1}  ...
\bibitem[Smamash(1981)]{R2} ...

(Observe: no space between the name and the year in parentheses.)

It looks like you prefer to generate numeric citation call-outs rather than authoryear-style citation call-outs. To achieve this objective, simply provide the instruction

\setcitestyle{numbers}

in the preamble. If, at some point in the future, you decide to change over to authoryear-style citation call-outs, all you'll have to do is change the preceding directive to \setcitestyle{authoryear}.

In the medium to long run, though, you may want to look into learning how to use BibTeX (or some other tool, such as biblatex), to generate a formatted bibliography along with appropriately formed citation call-outs. You'll be amazed how much time you'll save yourself, compared with the slow and error-prone process of building the bibliography and the citation call-outs entirely by hand.

A full MWE:

\documentclass[Afour,sageh,times]{sagej}

\setcitestyle{numbers} % <--- this is new

\usepackage{moreverb,url}

\usepackage[colorlinks,bookmarksopen,bookmarksnumbered,
    citecolor=red,urlcolor=red]{hyperref}

\newcommand\BibTeX{{\rmfamily B\kern-.05em \textsc{i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}

\def\volumeyear{2016}

\begin{document}

\runninghead{Smith and Wittkopf}

%\title{A demonstration of the \LaTeXe\ class file for
%\itshape{SAGE Publications}}
\title{ABCXYZ}
\author{Al \affilnum{1} and HenD\affilnum{2}}
\affiliation{\affilnum{1}Sunrise Setting Ltd, UK\\
\affilnum{2}SAGE Publications Ltd, UK}
\corrauth{XUZABC}

\begin{abstract}
\end{abstract}
\keywords{abc, def, hja }

\maketitle

\cite{R1}, \cite{R2}

\begin{thebibliography}{99}

\bibitem[Sikander and Prasad(2015)]{R1}
    Sikander A, Prasad R. (2015). Soft Computing Approach 
    for Model Order Reduction of Linear Time Invariant 
    Systems. \textit{Circuits, Systems, and Signal 
    Processing}. 2015;34(11):3471--3487.

\bibitem[Smamash(1981)]{R2}
    Smamash, Y. (1981). Truncation method of reduction: A 
    viable alternative. Electronics Letters, 17(2), p.~97.

\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}
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