[Tex/LaTex] Equations and defining equation variables

alignequationsnumberingspacing

I have a main equation that should be numbered and now I want to define the variables of the equations which may contain another set of equations. For example please have a look;

code:

\begin{align}
\label{eq:2.1}
&\frac{J_1(a k s)}{\sqrt{\pi } s}
\end{align}
\begin{align*}
\text{where} ~& \text{\textsl{a} is lens radius}\\
& \textsl{k}=\frac{2 \pi }{\lambda }\\
& \textsl{s}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{u}{z_2}+\frac{x}{z_1}\right){}^2+\left(\frac{v}{z_2}+\frac{y}{z_1}\right){}^2}
\end{align*}

Result:

Result

As we can see there is more than 2 line spacing (white space ) between the Eqn 2.1 and the variable definitions … is there any other efficient way to define variables of equations without numbering them … Or sub equation them as 2.1.1 , 2.1.2 etc …

Best Answer

Option 1:

enter image description here

\documentclass[preview,border=12pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}
\begin{gather}\label{eq:2.1}
\frac{J_1(a k s)}{\sqrt{\pi } s}\\
\intertext{where $a$ is lens radius}
\begin{aligned}
k &=\frac{2 \pi }{\lambda }\\
s &=\sqrt{\left(\frac{u}{z_2}+\frac{x}{z_1}\right){}^2+\left(\frac{v}{z_2}+\frac{y}{z_1}\right){}^2}
\end{aligned}\notag
\end{gather}
\end{document}

Option 2:

enter image description here

\documentclass[preview,border=12pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}
\begin{gather}\label{eq:2.1}
\frac{J_1(a k s)}{\sqrt{\pi } s}\\
\begin{aligned}
\text{where } &a \text{ is lens radius}\\
&k =\frac{2 \pi }{\lambda }\\
&s =\sqrt{\left(\frac{u}{z_2}+\frac{x}{z_1}\right){}^2+\left(\frac{v}{z_2}+\frac{y}{z_1}\right){}^2}
\end{aligned}\notag
\end{gather}
\end{document}

Option 3:

enter image description here

\documentclass[preview,border=12pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}
\begin{gather}\label{eq:2.1}
\frac{J_1(a k s)}{\sqrt{\pi } s}\\
\intertext{where}
\begin{aligned}
&a \text{ is lens radius}\\
&k =\frac{2 \pi }{\lambda }\\
&s =\sqrt{\left(\frac{u}{z_2}+\frac{x}{z_1}\right){}^2+\left(\frac{v}{z_2}+\frac{y}{z_1}\right){}^2}
\end{aligned}\notag
\end{gather}
\end{document}

Option 4:

Using \shortintertext (Peter Grill's idea):

enter image description here

\documentclass[preview,border=12pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}

\begin{gather}\label{eq:2.1}
\frac{J_1(a k s)}{\sqrt{\pi } s}\\
\shortintertext{where}
\begin{aligned}
&a \text{ is lens radius}\\
&k =\frac{2 \pi }{\lambda }\\
&s =\sqrt{\left(\frac{u}{z_2}+\frac{x}{z_1}\right){}^2+\left(\frac{v}{z_2}+\frac{y}{z_1}\right){}^2}
\end{aligned}\notag
\end{gather}

\end{document}

The difference between \intertext and \shortintertext:

enter image description here

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I would definitely go the second way with $\displaystyle: I find that it looks strange to have something centered after a bullet. To get the vertical alignment correct, just add [t] after \begin{aligned}, where "t" means "top". (See also the top of page 8 of the User's guide for the amsmath Package.)

[Tex/LaTex] List of equations, including equation contents and caption

Since you want a cheat sheet, I'd recommend the extract package. With a slightly different MWE:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[
  active,
  header=false,
  copydocumentclass=true,
  generate=\jobname-Cheatsheet,
  extract-env={equation},
  extract-cmdline={synopsis},
  ]{extract} % http://ctan.org/pkg/extract
\begin{extract*}
% Items executed in both the main and extracted document
% (extract manual, section 5.1)
\usepackage{amsmath}
\end{extract*}
\begin{extract}
% Items executed only in extracted document
\def\synopsis#1{#1}
\end{extract}
\def\synopsis#1{}
\begin{document}
First Euler observed that
\synopsis{Euler's equation tying together the five fundamental constants of mathematics}%
\begin{equation}
1 + e^{i \Pi} = 0.
\end{equation}

Then, Gauss discovered the normal distribution:
\synopsis{Normal distribution}%
\begin{equation}
P(x) = \frac{1}{{\sigma \sqrt {2\pi } }}e^{{{ - \left( {x - \mu } \right)^2 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - \left( {x - \mu } \right)^2 } {2\sigma ^2 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2\sigma ^2 }}}
\end{equation}

Finally, Einstein proclaimed: 
\synopsis{Equivalence of mass and energy}%
\begin{equation}
E = m C^2
\end{equation}
\end{document}

you get an original document of:

enter image description here

and an extracted document of:

\documentclass{article}
% Items executed in both the main and extracted document
% (extract manual, section 5.1)
\usepackage{amsmath}
% Items executed only in extracted document
\def\synopsis#1{#1}

\begin{document}

\synopsis{Euler's equation tying together the five fundamental constants of mathematics}%

\begin{equation}
1 + e^{i \Pi} = 0.
\end{equation}

\synopsis{Normal distribution}%

\begin{equation}
P(x) = \frac{1}{{\sigma \sqrt {2\pi } }}e^{{{ - \left( {x - \mu } \right)^2 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - \left( {x - \mu } \right)^2 } {2\sigma ^2 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {2\sigma ^2 }}}
\end{equation}

\synopsis{Equivalence of mass and energy}%

\begin{equation}
E = m C^2
\end{equation}

\end{document}

and:

enter image description here

This also works with your original \caption command.

Best Answer

Option 1:

Option 2:

Option 3:

Option 4:

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] aligning a multiline formula with the bullet of itemize

[Tex/LaTex] List of equations, including equation contents and caption

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