[Tex/LaTex] Drawing chain with TikZ

asymptotepstrickstikz-pgf

I was answering a set of problems and found this picture. Since I am just starting to learn about TikZ, I have not been able to draw it.

enter image description here

Best Answer

Clipping, and it needs my paths.ortho library.

Improvements/Problems

Line widths are not accounted for.
Keys instead of arguments.
Keys also would allow to calculate a few things.
Recursion.
Adding missing upper and lower ring.

Code

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{paths.ortho}
\newcommand*\chainy[8]{% #1 = upper center       | #2 = lower center
                       % #3 = upper outer radius | #5 = lower outer radius
                       % #4 = upper inner radius | #6 = lower inner radius
                       % #7 = upper options      | #8 = lower options
\scope
  \clip (#1) -- ++(right:{#4}) arc[radius={#4}, start angle=0, delta angle=-90] --cycle
    ([shift=(right:{#3})] #1) coordinate (@)
    arc[radius={#3}, start angle=0, delta angle=-90] -- (#2) -- ++(right:{#5}) rl (@);
  \path[even odd rule, #8] (#2) circle [radius={#5}] (#2) circle [radius={#6}];
\endscope
\scope
  \clip (#2) -- ++(left:{#6}) arc[radius={#6}, start angle=180, delta angle=-90] --cycle
    ([shift=(left:{#5})] #2) coordinate (@)
    arc[radius={#5}, start angle=180, delta angle=-90] -- (#1) -- ++(left:{#3}) lr (@);
  \path[even odd rule, #7] (#1) circle [radius={#3}] (#1) circle [radius={#4}];
\endscope
\scope
  \clip (#1) rectangle ++ ({#3},{-#3});
  \path[even odd rule, #7] (#1) circle [radius={#3}] (#1) circle [radius={#4}];
\endscope
\scope
  \clip (#2) rectangle ++ ({-#5},{#5});
  \path[even odd rule, #8] (#2) circle [radius={#5}] (#2) circle [radius={#6}];
\endscope
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  udlr/rl distance=+0pt, udlr/lr distance=+0pt,
  y=5mm, x=5mm, a/.style={fill=blue}, b/.style={fill=red}]
  \chainy{0,0}  {0,-9} {6}{5}{5}{4}{a}{b}
  \chainy{0,-9} {0,-16}{5}{4}{4}{3}{b}{a}
  \chainy{0,-16}{0,-21}{4}{3}{3}{2}{a}{b}
  \chainy{0,-21}{0,-24}{3}{2}{2}{1}{b}{a}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Output

enter image description here

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Drawing a Markov chain using Tikz

The trick of my solution is to use a scope with rotate=45 and then to make all links with |-. I also define three commands to factorize code.

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}

\newcommand\reflexive[2]{% node, label
  \draw[->] (#1.100) to[reflexive] node[trans,above=-2mm] {#2} (#1.80); 
}
\newcommand\link[3]{% start node, end node, label
  \draw[edge] (#1) -- (#1 |- #2);
  \node[trans] at (#1 |- #2) {#3} (1);
  \draw[edge] (#1 |- #2) -- (#2);
}
\newcommand\linkwithdots[4]{% start node, end node, dots node, label
  \coordinate (dots1) at (#1 |- #3);
  \draw (#1) -- ([yshift=5mm]dots1);
  \draw[dotted] ([yshift=5mm]dots1) -- ([yshift=-5mm]dots1);
  \draw[edge] ([yshift=-5mm]dots1) -- (#1 |- #2);
  \node[trans] at (#1 |- #2) {#4} (1);
  \coordinate (dots2) at (#3 |- #2);
  \draw (#1 |- #2) -- ([xshift=-5mm]dots2);
  \draw[dotted] ([xshift=-5mm]dots2) -- ([xshift=5mm]dots2);
  \draw[edge] ([xshift=5mm]dots2) -- (#2);
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \tikzset{
    >=stealth',
    node distance=1.5cm,
    state/.style={minimum size=30pt,font=\small,circle,draw},
    dots/.style={state,draw=none},
    edge/.style={->},
    trans/.style={font=\footnotesize,above=2mm},
    reflexive/.style={out=120,in=60,looseness=5,relative},
  }
  \node [state] (0)                    {$0$};
  \node [state] (1)   [right of = 0]   {$1$};
  \node [state] (2)   [right of = 1]   {$2$};
  \node [dots]  (d1)  [right of = 2]   {$\cdots$};
  \node [state] (km1) [right of = d1]  {$k-1$};
  \node [state] (k)   [right of = km1] {$k$};
  \node [state] (kp1) [right of = k]   {$k+1$};
  \node [dots]  (d2)  [right of = kp1] {$\cdots$};
  \node [state] (mmk) [right of = d2]  {$m-k$};
  \node [dots]  (d3)  [right of = mmk] {$\cdots$};
  \node [state] (mm2) [right of = d3]  {$m-2$};
  \node [state] (mm1) [right of = mm2] {$m-1$};

  \begin{scope}[rotate=45]
    \reflexive{0}{$\mu_0$}
    \reflexive{1}{$\mu_0$}
    \reflexive{2}{$\mu_0$}
    \link{0}{1}{$\mu_1$}
    \link{0}{2}{$\mu_1$}
    \link{1}{2}{$\mu_1$}
    \linkwithdots{0}{km1}{d1}{$\mu_{k-1}$}
    \linkwithdots{1}{km1}{d1}{$\mu_{k-2}$}
    \linkwithdots{2}{km1}{d1}{$\mu_{k-3}$}
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

Now, you have just to complete with some links...

[Tex/LaTex] Drawing 3D Transformer with TikZ or PSTricks

It's quite easy to set up custom axes in TikZ: for instance, x={(0.707,0.707)} means that the x-vector points in direction of 45° (up right) with length 1 (in general : (r cos angle,r sin angle)). I used 45°, 165° and 90° for x, y and z axes. The hard part is imagining what coordinates to use. Another difficulty is the upper part of the left coil: if you draw it via a foreach loop, then some parts are in front of the front face, while some are behind it, so I used a scope to restrict the drawing.

\documentclass[parskip]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[margin=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}

\newcommand{\innercolor}{gray!80!black}
\newcommand{\outercolor}{gray!80!white}
\newcommand{\leftcoil}{red!75!gray}
\newcommand{\rightcoil}{green!75!gray}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\coilseparation}{0.02}

\pgfmathsetmacro{\halflinewidth}{0.008}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[x={(0.707cm,0.707cm)},y={(-0.966cm,0.259cm)},z={(0cm,1cm)}]
    \filldraw[fill=\innercolor]  (0,1,1) -- (1,1,1) -- (1,4,1) -- (0,4,1) -- cycle;
    \filldraw[fill=\innercolor]  (1,4,1) -- (0,4,1) -- (0,4,4) -- (1,4,4) -- cycle;
    \filldraw[fill=\innercolor]  (0,0,0) -- (1,0,0) -- (1,0,5) -- (0,0,5) -- cycle;
    \filldraw[fill=\innercolor]  (0,0,5) -- (0,5,5) -- (1,5,5) -- (1,0,5) -- cycle;
    \filldraw[fill=\outercolor,even odd rule]    (0,0,0) -- (0,5,0) -- (0,5,5) -- (0,0,5) --cycle (0,1,1) -- (0,4,1) -- (0,4,4) -- (0,1,4) --cycle ;
    \begin{scope}
    \clip (0,3,1) -- (0,6,1) -- (0,6,4) -- (0,3,4);
    \foreach \z in {1.125,1.375,...,3.875}
    {   \draw[\leftcoil,thick] (0,5,\z) -- (-\coilseparation,5,\z) -- (-\coilseparation,4-\coilseparation,\z) -- (1+\coilseparation,4-\coilseparation,\z) -- (1+\coilseparation,4,\z);
    }
    \end{scope}
    \foreach \z in {1.25,1.75,...,3.75}
    {   \draw[\rightcoil,thick] (0,1,\z) -- (-\coilseparation,1,\z) -- (-\coilseparation,0-\coilseparation,\z) -- (1+\coilseparation,0-\coilseparation,\z) -- (1+\coilseparation,0,\z);
    }

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

enter image description here

Edit 1: To help you figure out where you are in 3D, you can append this in the tikzpicture:

    \draw[ultra thick,blue,->] (0,0,0) -- (2.5,0,0) node[below right] {x};
\draw[ultra thick,blue,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,6.5,0) node[below] {y};
\draw[ultra thick,blue,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,6.5) node[right] {z};
\foreach \x in {1,2}    
{   \draw[ultra thick,blue] (\x,0.1,0) -- (\x,-0.1,0) node[below right] {\x};
}
\foreach \yz in {1,2,3,4,5,6}   
{   \draw[ultra thick,blue] (0.1,\yz,0) -- (-0.1,\yz,0) node[below] {\yz};
    \draw[ultra thick,blue] (0.1,0,\yz) -- (-0.1,0,\yz) node[right] {\yz};
}

enter image description here

Best Answer

Improvements/Problems

Code

Output

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Drawing a Markov chain using Tikz

[Tex/LaTex] Drawing 3D Transformer with TikZ or PSTricks

Related Question