[Tex/LaTex] Compilation error: missing $ inserted

errors

I'm trying to compile this:

 %\chapterimage{m2summary.pdf}
 \chapter{Respostas e soluções}
 \begin{multicols}{2}
 \section*{\textcolor{ocre}{1. Matrizes}}
 \subsection*{Exercícios de fixação}
 \begin{enumerate}[label=\arabic*.]
 \tiny{
 \item $\ds A=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & -1 & -2 \\ 1 & 0 & -1 \\ 2 & 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$
 }
 \end{enumerate}
 \end{multicols}

I'm gonna create a new document and use \include{filename} to include the code above. At my main .tex file, I use these packages:

\documentclass[11pt,fleqn]{book}

\usepackage[top=3cm,bottom=3cm,left=3.2cm,right=3.2cm,headsep=10pt,a4paper]{geometry}

\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{ocre}{RGB}{131,50,165}
\definecolor{yl}{RGB}{204,0,255}

% Font Settings
\usepackage{avant}
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage{mathptmx}
\usepackage{pifont,bbding}

\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[brazilian]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

% Bibliography
\usepackage[style=alphabetic,sorting=nyt,sortcites=true,autopunct=true,babel=hyphen,hyperref=true,abbreviate=false,backref=true,backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{bibliography.bib}
\defbibheading{bibempty}{}

% Index
\usepackage{calc}
\usepackage{makeidx}
\makeindex

% Enumerate
%\usepackage{enumerate}

% Math
\usepackage{amsmath}

% Others
\usepackage{cancel,relsize}
\usepackage{pdfpages}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{xcolor,colortbl,subfigure}
\usepackage{stackrel}

% TikZ
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,snakes,calc,arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections,through,backgrounds}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.arrows,chains,positioning}
%\usetikzlibrary{shadows.blur}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,decorations.pathmorphing}

\tikzstyle{dot}=[circle,fill,scale=0.4]
\tikzstyle{dote}=[circle,fill,scale=0.2]
\tikzstyle{doto}=[circle,draw=black,fill=white,scale=0.4]
\tikzstyle{dotred}=[circle,fill=ocre,scale=0.4]
\tikzstyle{dotrede}=[circle,fill=ocre,scale=0.5]
\tikzstyle{dotredo}=[circle,draw=ocre,fill=white,scale=0.5]
\tikzstyle{dotreda}=[circle,draw=ocre,fill=white,scale=0.4]
\tikzstyle{pre}=[<-,shorten >=1pt,>=stealth',semithick]

\tikzset{
    node style sp/.style={draw,circle,minimum size=1cm},
    node style ge/.style={circle,minimum size=1cm},
    node style spe/.style={draw,circle,minimum size=.4cm},
    node style gee/.style={circle,minimum size=.4cm},
    arrow style mul/.style={draw,sloped,midway,fill=white},
    arrow style plus/.style={midway,sloped,fill=white},
}



% Letras \mathbb
\newcommand{\NN}{\mathbb N}
\newcommand{\RR}{\mathbb R}
\newcommand{\ZZ}{\mathbb Z}
\newcommand{\CC}{\mathbb C}
\newcommand{\QQ}{\mathbb Q}
\newcommand{\PP}{\mathbb P}

% Operadores
\newcommand{\mdc}{\operatorname{mdc}}
\newcommand{\mmc}{\operatorname{mmc}}
\newcommand{\sen}{\operatorname{sen}}
\newcommand{\cotg}{\operatorname{cotg}}
\newcommand{\tg}{\operatorname{tg}}
\newcommand{\cossec}{\operatorname{cossec}}
\newcommand{\dom}{\operatorname{D}}
\newcommand{\cdom}{\operatorname{CD}}
\newcommand{\ima}{\operatorname{Im}}
\newcommand{\idx}{\operatorname{id}}
\newcommand{\idm}{\operatorname{I}}
\newcommand{\suchthat}{\;\ifnum\currentgrouptype=16 \middle\fi|\;}
\renewcommand{\CancelColor}{\color{ocre}}

% Comandos
\newcommand{\ds}{\displaystyle}
\newcommand{\tf}{\therefore}
\newcommand{\raw}{\Rightarrow}
\newcommand{\lfraw}{\Leftrightarrow}
\newcommand{\lfaw}{\Leftarrow}

% Gráficos
\makeatletter
\let\pgfmath@function@exp\relax % undefine old exp function
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{exp}{1}{%
  \begingroup
    \pgfmath@xc=#1pt\relax
    \pgfmath@yc=#1pt\relax
    \ifdim\pgfmath@xc<-9pt
      \pgfmath@x=1sp\relax
    \else
      \ifdim\pgfmath@xc<0pt
        \pgfmath@xc=-\pgfmath@xc
      \fi
      \pgfmath@x=1pt\relax
      \pgfmath@xa=1pt\relax
      \pgfmath@xb=\pgfmath@x
      \pgfmathloop%
        \divide\pgfmath@xa by\pgfmathcounter
        \pgfmath@xa=\pgfmath@tonumber\pgfmath@xc\pgfmath@xa%
        \advance\pgfmath@x by\pgfmath@xa
      \ifdim\pgfmath@x=\pgfmath@xb
      \else
        \pgfmath@xb=\pgfmath@x
      \repeatpgfmathloop%
      \ifdim\pgfmath@yc<0pt
        \pgfmathreciprocal@{\pgfmath@tonumber\pgfmath@x}%
        \pgfmath@x=\pgfmathresult pt\relax
      \fi
    \fi
    \pgfmath@returnone\pgfmath@x%
  \endgroup
}
\makeatother

% Distributiva
\newcommand{\tikzmark}[1]{\tikz[overlay,remember picture] \node (#1) {};}
\newcommand{\DrawBox}[2]{%
  \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture]
    \draw[->,shorten >=5pt,shorten <=5pt,out=70,in=130,distance=0.5cm,#1] (MarkA.north) to (MarkC.north);
    \draw[->,shorten >=5pt,shorten <=5pt,out=50,in=140,distance=0.3cm,#2] (MarkA.north) to (MarkB.north);
  \end{tikzpicture}
}

\newcommand{\tikzmarklog}[1]{\tikz[overlay,remember picture] \node (#1) {};}
\newcommand{\DrawBoxlog}[2]{%
  \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture]
    \draw[->,shorten >=5pt,shorten <=5pt,out=70,in=130,distance=0.5cm,#1] (MarkB.north) to (MarkC.north);
    \draw[->,shorten >=5pt,shorten <=5pt,out=50,in=140,distance=0.3cm,#2] (MarkA.south) to (MarkB.south);
  \end{tikzpicture}
}

% Matrices
\makeatletter
\renewcommand*\env@matrix[1][*\c@MaxMatrixCols c]{%
  \hskip -\arraycolsep
  \let\@ifnextchar\new@ifnextchar
  \array{#1}}
\makeatother

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\input{structure} % Insert the commands.tex file which contains the majority of the structure behind the template

\begin{document}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%   TITLE PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\includepdf{capam2}
\phantom{a}{\thispagestyle{empty}}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%   COPYRIGHT PAGE
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\newpage
~\vfill
\thispagestyle{empty}

\noindent Copyright \copyright\ 2013 X ao Cubo\\ % Copyright notice

\noindent \textsc{Publicado por X ao Cubo}\\ % Publisher

\noindent \textsc{XaoCubo.com}\\ % URL

%\noindent  % License information

%\noindent \textit{First printing, March 2013} % Printing/edition date

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%   TABLE OF CONTENTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\clearpage
\pagenumbering{roman}

\chapterimage{m2c1head.pdf} % Table of contents heading image

\pagestyle{empty} % No headers

\tableofcontents % Print the table of contents itself

\cleardoublepage % Forces the first chapter to start on an odd page so it's on the right

\pagestyle{fancy} % Print headers again


%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%   CHAPTERS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\cleardoublepage
\pagenumbering{arabic}

\include{filename}
\end{document}

The "best" part is: I'm creating some books (I'm a math teacher). This is the second one. The first one I compiled at college AND IT WORKS! –' So then I started to work at home, using WinEdt 8 and the latest version of MikTex, and it shows the follow error:

Missing $ inserted. HOW? I tried to compile with no text, actually, with no math text, and it keeps showing that $ is missing. I really don't know what to do!

And what makes me "happy": compiling here, at home, the first book (that I wrote at college), it works! So I copy, paste the code, change what I have to change, but it stills show the same error message!

I'm so sorry for writing such a big question, but I don't know what really matters to help you to help me (lol), so I decided to write all the code here.

Thank you so much! 😀

Best Answer

Your code can be reduced to

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\begin{document}
õ
\end{document}

and it will still throw the ! Missing $ inserted. error. Exactly what happens 'behind the scenes' I don't know, but it may be that this is caused by your editor using a different character encoding than that specified for inputenc. According to http://www.winedt.com/installing.html, WinEdt 8 uses UTF-8 by default, but you've set latin1 as input encoding. If I change latin1 to utf8 in the above code it compiles fine.

Indeed, õ in UTF-8 is the two byte character 0xC3 0xB5; the first byte, in the one byte Latin-1 encoding corresponds to \~A, while the second one to \mu and this is the cause for the error.

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Multiple Compilation errors: Missing $ inserted

I've compiled your document, and the main problem comes from the fact you seem to consider that in a maths formula, only the variables have to be enclosed between a pair of $ $ … $ . Example: (2$x$ + 5)^{2} instead of $(2x+5)^2$ .

While some symbols can be understood in text mode, such as + (with a bad spacing), most of them are understood by the compiler only in math mode.

Furthermore, most of your formatting is done manually throughout the document, which is very bad practice: LaTeX is markup language, and all the formatting should be done through the preamble, packages and class files. You should read some document for beginners.

The exsheets package might be of interest to you.

Here is your code made compilable:

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{comment}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{lipsum}

\usepackage[colorlinks=true,citecolor=blue,linkcolor=blue]{hyperref}

\usepackage{lipsum}

\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\maketitle}{\bgroup\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\begin{flushleft}
  \@title

  \@author
\end{flushleft}\egroup
}
\makeatother

\title{}
\date{}
\author{%
Name \\
Due \\
ID\\
}

\pagestyle{empty} % disables page numbers

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\centerline{\sc \large Homework 1 in \LaTeX\ }

\vspace{2pc}

\thispagestyle{empty}

\begin{flushleft}
\textbf{Exercise 1}

\vspace{1pc}

\par \textit{A ball and a bat cost \$\,1.10 (total). The bat costs \$\,1.0 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost?}\par
    \setlength{\parindent}{10ex}
    Let the price of the bat = $x$ \hfill $x$ + $y$ = 1.10

    Let the price of the ball = $y$ \hfill $x$ = $y$ + 1.0

                                    \hfill ($y$ + 1) + $y$ = 1.10

                                    \hfill 2$y$ = .10

                                    \hfill $y = .05$

                                    \hfill $x$ + .05 = 1.10

                                    \hfill $x$ = \$\,1.05

    Therefore the ball cost \$\,0.05 and the the bat cost \$\,1.0

\vspace{1pc}

\noindent\textbf{Exercise 2}

\vspace{1pc}

\noindent\textit{Prove the following statements:}\par
    \indent\textit{a) The sum of any three consecutive even numbers is always a multiple of 6}\par

 \noindent Let $N1$ be the first even integer where $N2$ and $N3$ are consecutive even integers.\par
 $N1$ = $2q$

 $N2$ = $2q$ + 2

 $N3$ = $2q$ + 4

 $S$ = $N1$+$N2$+$N3$

 By hypothesis $S$ = $2q+(2q+2)+(2q+4$) = $6q+6$

 $S$ = $N1$+$N2$+$N3$ = $6(q+1)$

 \indent\textit{b) The product of any three consecutive even numbers is always a multiple of 8}\par

 \noindent Let $N1$ be the first even integer where $N2$ and $N3$ are consecutive even integers.\par
 $N1$ = $2q$

 $N2$ = $2q$ + 2

 $N3$ = $2q$ + 4

 $S$ = $N1\times N2\times N3$
 = $2q(4q^{2}+16q+8)$

 = $8q^{3}+32q^{2}+16q$

 = $8q(q^{2}+4q+2)$

\indent\textit{c) Prove that if you add the squares of three consecutive integer numbers and then subtract two, you always get a multiple of 3.}\par

 \vspace{4pc}

 \noindent Let $N1$ be the first even integer where $N2$ and $N3$ are consecutive even integers.\par
 $N1 = (2q)^{2}$

 $N2 = (2q + 2)^{2}$

 $N3 = (2q + 4)^{2}$

 $S = N1 + N2 + N3$

By hypothesis $S = ((2q)^{2} + (2q+2)^{2} + (2q+4)^{2})-2 $
$ = (4q^{2}+(4q^{2}+8q+4)+(4q^{2}+16q+16))-2 $

$ = (12q^{2}+24q+20)-2 $

$ = 12q^{2}+24q+18 $

 $ = 3(4q^{2}+8q+6)$

 \noindent If $ N1= 2, N2=4, N3=6 $

 $S = ((2)^{2}+(4)^{2}+(6)^2)-2 = (56)-2 = 54 = 3\times 18$\par
 \noindent If $ N1 = 4, N2 = 6, N3 = 8 $

 $S = ((4)^{2}+(6)^{2}+(8)^2)-2 = (116)-2 = 114 = 3\times 38$

\vspace{1pc}

\noindent\textbf{Exercise 3}

\vspace{1pc}

\noindent\textit{Based on the final number obtained, Roger can then “guess” the initial number. Show that there is no magic in this. Justify your answer.} \par
 \setlength{\parindent}{10ex}
 Let $x$ be the random integer: \hfill $2x$

 \hfill $2x + 5$

 \hfill $ (2x + 5)^{2} $

 \hfill $(4x^{2}+20x+25)-25 $

 \hfill $ (4x^{2}+20x) \div 4 $

%% Roger can simply asubtract 5 from the final number and\hfill $ ( x^{2} +5x) \div x $
%%
%% he will be able to guess the integer. \hfill $x + 5$

\vspace{1pc}

\noindent\textbf{Exercise 4}

\vspace{1pc}

\noindent\textit{Prove the following identities, where $p, q, x, m,$ and $n$ are real numbers:} \par
 \noindent\textit{a) $8(p-q)+3(p+q)=2(p+2q)+9(p-q)$}\par
 \noindent Let the LHS = $8(p-q)+3(p+q)$

 \setlength{\parindent}{13ex} = $8p-8q+3p+3q = 11p - 5q$

 \noindent Let the RHS = $2(p+2q)+9(p-q)$

 \setlength{\parindent}{13ex} = $2p+4q+9p-9q = 11p - 5q$ \hfill Therefore $LHS = RHS$

 \noindent\textit{b) $ x(m+n)+y(n-m)=m(x-y)+n(x+y)$}\par

 \noindent Let the LHS = $x(m+n)+y(n-m)$

 \setlength{\parindent}{13ex} = $ xm + xn +yn -ym $

 \noindent Let the RHS = $m(x-y)+n(x+y)$

 \setlength{\parindent}{13ex} = $xm - ym + xn + yn = xm +xn + yn - ym $ \hfill Therefore $LHS = RHS$

 \noindent\textit{c) $(x+2)(x+10)-(x-5)(x-4)=21x$}\par

 \noindent Let the LHS = $(x+2)(x+10) - (x-5)(x-4)$

 \setlength{\parindent}{13ex} = $ (x^{2}+12x+20) - (x^{2}-9x+20)$

 = $21x $

 \noindent Let the RHS = $21x$ \hfill Therefore $LHS = RHS$

 \noindent\textit{d) $m^{4}-1=(m^{2+}1)(m^{2}-1)$}\par

 \noindent Let the LHS = $m^{4}-1$

 \noindent Let the RHS = $(m^{2}+1)(m^{2}-1)$
 = $m^{4} -1 $\hfill Therefore $LHS = RHS$

\vspace{2pc}

\noindent\textbf{Extra Credit}

\vspace{1pc}

\par If the 1 minute person goes across with the two minute person that would be 2 min gone. The one minute person then goes back to the ten \& five minute persons while the two minute person is already on the other side, 3 minutes will have elapsed.Once back on the starting side, the one minute person gives the ten minute person and the five minute person the flashlight, they cross to the other side with 13 minutes goneby. If the ten \& five minute person give the two minute person the flashlight, the two minute person can go back across the bridge to retrieve the one minute person and this will cost another 2 minutes so 15 minutes will have elapsed. The two minute person then crosses to the other side with the one minute person, they will both take another 2 minutes and all will have crossed in 17 minutes.

\end{flushleft}

\end{document}

and the first page of the result:

[Tex/LaTex] LateX error: “Missing } inserted” / “Missing $ inserted”

This is the LateX code I've written:

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}

\usepackage{listings}

\begin{document}

\lstset{ %
  texcl=true,
  escapeinside={//}{\^^M},
}


\lstinputlisting{src.c}

\end{document}

src.c

for(i=0; i<fact(n); i++){ //INV: $ 0 \leq i < n! $  
        for(j=0; j<n; j++){ //INV2: $ 0 \leq j < n $

Notice that I've used escape characters to format LateX in the source along with the escapeinside option.

Inline version of the code:

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}

\usepackage{listings}

\begin{document}

 \lstset{ %
   texcl=true,
   escapeinside={//}{\^^M},
}

\begin{lstlisting}
  for(i=0; i<fact(n); i++){ //INV: $ 0 \leq i < n! $  
        for(j=0; j<n; j++){ //INV2: $ 0 \leq j < n $   
\end{lstlisting}


\end{document}

Best Answer

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Multiple Compilation errors: Missing $ inserted

[Tex/LaTex] LateX error: “Missing } inserted” / “Missing $ inserted”

Related Question