I found a copy of the relevant class file here; assuming that this is the same as the one that you are using, the culprit is the following comment:
\parskip 0pt % Extra vertical space between paragraphs.
% Set to 0pt outside sections, to keep section heads
% uniformly spaced. The value of parskip is set
% to leading value _within_ sections.
% 12 Jan 2000 gkmt
Sure enough, looking further down in the document we find that in the definition of the section commands, \parskip
gets reset. For example:
\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{%
\@tempskipa #3\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
\begingroup
#4{%
\@hangfrom{\hskip #1}%
\interlinepenalty \@M #5\@@par}%
\endgroup
\else
\def\@svsechd{#4{\hskip #1\relax #5}}%
\fi
\vskip -10.5pt %gkmt, 7 jan 00 -- had been -14pt, now set to parskip
\@xsect{#3}\parskip=10.5pt} % within the starred section, parskip = leading 12 Jan 2000 gkmt
That innocuous \parskip=10.5pt
at the end means that every time a \section
, \subsection
, \subsubsection
, or \paragraph
command is used then \parskip
gets reset to 10.5pt
. (The command \@sect
has the same ending.)
So to reduce \parskip
, you need to reduce it each time that you start a section or otherwise. Depending on your needs, a variety of strategies are possible. The simplest would be to have a copy of the class file in the same directory as the TeX file and simply edit out that extra \parskip=10.5pt
(actually, edit out both of them: one from \@ssect
and one from \@sect
). If you need to leave the class file pristine for some reason, then you can redefine these commands in your preamble. The simplest would be to simply copy out the definitions from the class file with the appropriate modifications to \parskip
. If you do this, then the copied definitions need to be sandwiched between \makeatletter ... \makeatother
.
If you want to be a bit more fancy, you could have the \section
commands remember what \parskip
is when they are called, then reset it at the end. This would involve hacking three commands from the class file, since the command \@startsection
also messes with \parskip
. So it would be something like (not tested!):
\makeatletter
\let\orig@startsection=\@startsection
\let\orig@ssect=\@ssect
\let\orig@sect=\@sect
\newskip\orig@parskip
\orig@parskip\parskip % just for safety's sake!
\def\@startsection{%
\orig@parskip\parskip%
\orig@startsection}
\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{%
\orig@ssect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}%
\parskip\orig@parskip}
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
\orig@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}[#7]{#8}%
\parskip\orig@parskip}
\makeatother
In general, spacing is variable in TeX, that is the reason why you use it.
First, make sure that you did not force latex to break lines or put objects in non-ideal positions. One possibility is using [H]
specifier for floats as mentioned by egreg.
However, if there are extreme spacing you can modify the limits and the bahaviour of typesetting. You may use \raggedbottom
if you want to move extra whitespaces to the bottom of the page instead of spreading it through the page. You may also change penalties and limits to let latex to break paragraphs and other items between pages and result in a more compact document. Check this page if you really want to squeeze spaces in Latex.
However, it is always better to post a minimum working example of your problem.
Best Answer
To reduce the white space between paragraphs: