Long table from R exceeds page width

longtablemargins

Any suggestions to fix a Tex table from R software that exceeds margins in the 12pts document class

Here my code and output :

     \documentclass[12pt]{article}
       \usepackage{geometry}
       \geometry{a4paper,left=15mm,right=15mm, top=1cm, bottom=2cm}
       \usepackage[USenglish]{babel}
        \usepackage{natbib}
       \usepackage{graphicx}
        \usepackage{color}
      \usepackage{multicol}
     \usepackage{setspace}
     \usepackage{varioref}
     \usepackage{booktabs}
     \usepackage{xfrac}
    \usepackage{longtable}
   \usepackage{microtype}
  \usepackage[hang, small,labelfont=bf,up,textfont=it,up]{caption}
  \usepackage{booktabs}
  \usepackage{float}
    \usepackage{amsfonts}
  \usepackage{amsmath}
  \usepackage{fancyhdr} 
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
  \usepackage{amsmath}
  \usepackage{amsfonts}
  \usepackage{amssymb}


 \begin{document}
  \begin{table}[!htbp] \centering 
  \caption{Linear Mixed Effects Regression Results} 
   \label{tb:lme-main} 
  \tiny 
    \begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{0.01pt}}lcccccc} 
    \\[-1.8ex]\hline 
    \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
   & \multicolumn{6}{c}{\textit{Dependent variable:}} \\ 
  \cline{2-7} 
   & KAI-BASE & KAI-MSCI & KAI-RATINGS & KAO-BASE & KAO-MSCI & KAO-RATINGS \\ 
    \\[-1.8ex] & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) & (6)\\ 
 \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag, baseline) & $-$0.003 & $-$0.006 & 0.019 & 0.030$^{*}$ & 0.040$^{*}$ & 0.068$^{**}$ \\ 
 & (0.013) & (0.016) & (0.020) & (0.013) & (0.017) & (0.021) \\ 
 Mean KAI: MSCI Peers (low, spatial lag) &  & 0.031 &  &  &  &  \\ 
 &  & (0.071) &  &  &  &  \\ 
 Mean KAI: MSCI Peers (medium, spatial lag) &  & 0.0003 &  &  &  &  \\ 
 &  & (0.080) &  &  &  &  \\ 
Mean KAI: Ratings Peers (low, spatial lag) &  &  & 0.028 &  &  &  \\ 
 &  &  & (0.040) &  &  &  \\ 
  Mean KAI: Ratings Peers (medium, spatial lag) &  &  & 0.010 &  &  &  \\ 
 &  &  & (0.033) &  &  &  \\ 
  msci\_kao\_tercile\_low &  &  &  &  & 0.055 &  \\ 
  &  &  &  &  & (0.063) &  \\ 
   msci\_kao\_tercile\_med &  &  &  &  & $-$0.015 &  \\ 
  &  &  &  &  & (0.072) &  \\ 
   Mean KAO: MSCI Peers (low, spatial lag) &  &  &  &  &  & 0.079$^{+}$ \\ 
  &  &  &  &  &  & (0.041) \\ 
   Mean KAO: MSCI Peers (medium, spatial lag) &  &  &  &  &  & 0.084$^{*}$ \\ 
  &  &  &  &  &  & (0.035) \\ 
  Mean KAO: Ratings Peers (low, spatial lag) & 0.131$^{***}$ & 0.141$^{***}$ & 0.123$^{**}$ & 
 0.246$^{***}$ & 0.247$^{***}$ & 0.204$^{***}$ \\ 
& (0.036) & (0.038) & (0.038) & (0.048) & (0.048) & (0.048) \\ 
    Mean KAO: Ratings Peers (medium, spatial lag) & $-$0.261$^{***}$ & $-$0.265$^{***}$ & $-$0.276$^{***}$ & $-$0.464$^{***}$ & $-$0.449$^{***}$ & $-$0.447$^{***}$ \\ 
  & (0.052) & (0.053) & (0.056) & (0.065) & (0.065) & (0.068) \\ 
   log(trade\_open\_lag) & $-$0.143$^{***}$ & $-$0.116$^{**}$ & $-$0.148$^{**}$ & $-$0.138$^{**}$ & $-$0.118$^{*}$ & $-$0.153$^{**}$ \\ 
  & (0.040) & (0.043) & (0.046) & (0.043) & (0.047) & (0.049) \\ 
   inflation\_lag & 0.001$^{***}$ & 0.001$^{***}$ & 0.0004$^{**}$ & 0.001$^{***}$ & 0.001$^{***}$ & 0.001$^{***}$ \\ 
     & (0.0001) & (0.0001) & (0.0002) & (0.0002) & (0.0002) & (0.0002) \\ 
        Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag) x MSCI Peers (low KAI) &  &  &  &  & $-$0.023 &  \\ 
   &  &  &  &  & (0.033) &  \\ 
        Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag) x MSCI Peers (medium KAI) &  &  &  &  & 0.005 &  \\ 
   &  &  &  &  & (0.040) &  \\ 
        Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag) x Ratings Peers (low KAI) &  &  &  &  &  & $-$0.060$^{*}$ \\ 
     &  &  &  &  &  & (0.030) \\ 
       Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag) x Ratings Peers (medium KAI) &  &  &  &  &  & $-$0.051$^{*}$ \\ 
  &  &  &  &  &  & (0.026) \\ 
              Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag) x MSCI Peers (low KAO) & $-$0.112 & $-$0.483 & 0.200 & 
    $-$1.433 & $-$1.694$^{+}$ & $-$0.482 \\ 
     & (0.733) & (0.778) & (0.819) & (0.933) & (0.955) & (1.030) \\ 
               Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag) x MSCI Peers (medium KAO) & 0.001$^{+}$ & 0.002$^{*}$ & 0.001 & 0.001 & 0.001 & $-$0.001 \\ 
   & (0.001) & (0.001) & (0.001) & (0.001) & (0.001) & (0.001) \\ 
                Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag) x Ratings Peers (low KAO) & $-$0.032 & $-$0.021 & $-$0.001 & $-$0.060$^{*}$ & $-$0.051$^{*}$ & $-$0.033 \\ 
    & (0.024) & (0.024) & (0.027) & (0.025) & (0.026) & (0.028) \\ 
      Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag) x Ratings Peers (medium KAO) & $-$0.007$^{+}$ & 
  $-$0.006$^{+}$ & $-$0.006 & 0.005 & 0.004 & 0.004 \\ 
             & (0.004) & (0.004) & (0.004) & (0.004) & (0.004) & (0.004) \\ 
            Log Constant GDP (2010 USDB, lag) & 0.005 & 0.006 & 0.008 & 0.007 & 0.008$^{+}$ & 0.011$^{*}$ \\ 
    & (0.004) & (0.004) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) \\ 
    Log Constant GDP per capita (2010 USD, lag) &  & 0.030 &  &  &  &  \\ 
   &  & (0.033) &  &  &  &  \\ 
    Trade (\% of GDP, log, lag) &  & 0.028 &  &  &  &  \\ 
    &  & (0.036) &  &  &  &  \\ 
    Inflation (annual \%, lag) &  &  & $-$0.049$^{+}$ &  &  &  \\ 
      &  &  & (0.029) &  &  &  \\ 
      Real Interest Rate (\%, lag) &  &  & $-$0.028 &  &  &  \\ 
       &  &  & (0.025) &  &  &  \\ 
      \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
    Varying Intercept: Country & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ 
     Varying Intercept: Year & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes & Yes \\ 
     Number of Countries & 25 & 25 & 25 & 25 & 25 & 25 \\ 
     Number of Years & 21 & 20 & 20 & 21 & 20 & 20 \\ 
     Observations & 418 & 410 & 377 & 418 & 410 & 377 \\ 
     Log Likelihood & 155.597 & 153.257 & 126.733 & 130.218 & 123.183 & 106.594 \\ 
   Akaike Inf. Crit. & $-$285.195 & $-$272.513 & $-$219.467 & $-$234.435 & $-$212.366 & $-$179.187 \\ 
   Bayesian Inf. Crit. & $-$232.734 & $-$204.239 & $-$152.618 & $-$181.974 & $-$144.091 & $-$112.339 \\ 
   \hline 
   \hline \\[-1.8ex] 
 \textit{Note:}  & \multicolumn{6}{r}{In the interaction models, the first row presents results for which peers’ capital inflow/outflow restrictions are high. Standard errors in parentheses. $^{+}$p$<$0.1; $^{*}$p$<$0.05; $^{**}$p$<$0.01; $^{***}$p$<$0.001} \\ 
  \end{tabular} 
  \end{table} 
    \end{document}

Best Answer

Writing of table is demanding task ...

In your table I would use for columns with numbers S column type defined in siunitx package, for horizontal rules exploit bootkabs package (you load it twice!) and long text in the first column split onto two lines where needed. By this is given more space for other columns, consequently in table can be used \small font size.

For table I would use tabularray package, because table is huge I would format it as long table, for table notes use tabularray syntax:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[a4paper,
            hmargin=15mm, vmargin={1cm,2cm}]{geometry}
%---------------- Show page layout. Don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%

\usepackage[USenglish]{babel}

\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage[hang, font=small, 
            labelfont=bf,textfont=it]{caption}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs, siunitx}
    \NewTableCommand\SCR{\SetCell[r=2]{font=\footnotesize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}}
    \sisetup{
        input-open-uncertainty =,
        input-close-uncertainty=,
        table-align-text-after=false,
        table-align-text-before=false
            }
      \ExplSyntaxOn
    \NewChildSelector{eachtwo}
      {
        \int_step_inline:nnnn {5}{2}{\l_tblr_childs_total_tl}
          { \clist_put_right:Nn \l_tblr_childs_clist {##1} }
      }
    \ExplSyntaxOff


\begin{document}
    %\small
\begin{longtblr}[
caption = {Linear Mixed Effects Regression Results},
  label = {tb:lme-main},
 note{} = {In the interaction models, the first row presents results for which peers’ 
           capital inflow/outflow restrictions are high. Standard errors in parentheses.\newline
            $^{+}:\   p<0.1$; \quad 
            $^{*}:\   p<0.05$;\quad 
            $^{**}:\  p<0.01$;\quad 
            $^{***}:\ p<0.001$.}
                ]{rowhead= 4,
                  colsep = 3pt,
                  colspec = {@{} X[l] *{6}{Q[c, si={table-format=-1.4{\TblrNote{***}}}]} @{}},
                  row{5-Z} = {rowsep=0pt},
                  row{eachtwo} = {abovesep=4pt},
                  rows = {font=\small}
                 }
    \toprule
    & \SetCell[c=6]{c}  {{{\textit{Dependent variable:}}}}                                            
                 &            &                 &            &            &                     \\         
    \cline{2-7}
    &   \SetCell[c=3]{c}    KAI 
                 &            &                 &   \SetCell[c=3]{c}    KAO     
                                                             &            &                     \\   
    \cmidrule[r]{2-4}   \cmidrule[l]{5-7} 
    & {{{BASE}}} & {{{MSCI}}} & {{{RATINGS}}}   & {{{BASE}}} & {{{MSCI}}} & {{{RATINGS}}}       \\
    & {{{(1)}}}  & {{{(2)}}}  & {{{(3)}}}       & {{{(4)}}}  & {{{(5)}}}  & {{{(6)}}}           \\
    \midrule
Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag, baseline)
    & -0.003    & -0.006      & 0.019           & 0.030\TblrNote{*}
                                                            & 0.040\TblrNote{*} 
                                                                          & 0.068\TblrNote{*}   \\
    & (0.013)   & (0.016)     & (0.020)         & (0.013)   & (0.017)     & (0.021)             \\
 Mean KAI: MSCI Peers (low, spat. lag)
    &           & 0.031       &                 &           &             &                     \\
    &           & (0.071)     &                 &           &             &                     \\
 Mean KAI: MSCI Peers (medium, spat. lag) 
    &           & 0.0003      &                 &           &             &                     \\
    &           & (0.080)     &                 &           &             &                     \\
Mean KAI: Ratings Peers (low, spat. lag) 
    &           &             & 0.028           &           &             &                     \\
    &           &             & (0.040)         &           &             &                     \\
Mean KAI: Ratings Peers (medium, spat. lag) 
    &           &             & 0.010           &           &             &                     \\
    &           &             & (0.033)         &           &             &                     \\
msci\_kao\_tercile\_low 
    &           &             &                 &           & 0.055       &                     \\
    &           &             &                 &           & (0.063)     &                     \\
msci\_kao\_tercile\_med 
    &           &             &                 &           & -0.015      &                     \\
    &           &             &                 &           & (0.072)     &                     \\
Mean KAO: MSCI Peers (low, spat. lag) 
    &           &             &                 &           &             & 0.079\TblrNote{+}   \\
    &           &             &                 &           &             & (0.041)             \\
Mean KAO: MSCI Peers (medium, spat. lag) 
    &           &             &                 &           &             & 0.084\TblrNote{*}   \\
    &           &             &                 &           &             & (0.035)             \\
Mean KAO: Ratings Peers (low, spat. lag) 
    & 0.131\TblrNote{***} 
                & 0.141\TblrNote{***} 
                              & 0.123\TblrNote{**} 
                                                & 0.246\TblrNote{***} 
                                                            & 0.247\TblrNote{***} 
                                                                          & 0.204\TblrNote{***} \\
    & (0.036)   & (0.038)     & (0.038)         & (0.048)   & (0.048)     & (0.048)             \\
\SCR    {Mean KAO: Ratings Peers\\ (medium, spat. lag)} 
    & -0.261\TblrNote{***} 
                & -0.265\TblrNote{***} 
                              & -0.276\TblrNote{***} 
                                                & -0.464\TblrNote{***} 
                                                            & -0.449\TblrNote{***} 
                                                                          & -0.447\TblrNote{***}\\
    & (0.052)   & (0.053)     & (0.056)         & (0.065)   & (0.065)     & (0.068)             \\
log(trade\_open\_lag) 
    & -0.143\TblrNote{***} 
                & -0.116\TblrNote{**} 
                              & -0.148\TblrNote{**} 
                                                & -0.138\TblrNote{**} 
                                                            & -0.118\TblrNote{*} 
                                                                          & -0.153\TblrNote{**} \\
    & (0.040)   & (0.043)     & (0.046)         & (0.043)   & (0.047)     & (0.049)             \\
inflation\_lag 
    & 0.001\TblrNote{***} 
                & 0.001\TblrNote{***} 
                             & 0.0004\TblrNote{**} 
                                                & 0.001\TblrNote{***} 
                                                            & 0.001\TblrNote{***} 
                                                                          & 0.001\TblrNote{***} \\
     & (0.0001) & (0.0001)  & (0.0002)          & (0.0002)  & (0.0002)    & (0.0002)            \\
\SCR    {Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag)\\  \qquad$\times$  MSCI Peers (low KAI)} 
    &           &           &                   &           & -0.023      &                     \\*
    &           &           &                   &           & (0.033)     &                     \\
\SCR    {Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag)\\  \qquad$\times$  MSCI Peers (medium KAI)} 
    &           &           &                   &           & 0.005       &                     \\*
    &           &           &                   &           & (0.040)     &                     \\
\SCR    {Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag)\\  \qquad$\times$  Ratings Peers (low KAI)}
    &           &           &                   &           &             & -0.060\TblrNote{*}  \\*
    &           &           &                   &           &             & (0.030)             \\
\SCR    {Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag)\\  \qquad$\times$  Ratings Peers (medium KAI)}
    &           &           &                   &           &             & -0.051\TblrNote{*}  \\*
    &           &           &                   &           &             & (0.026)             \\
\SCR    {Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag)\\  \qquad$\times$  MSCI Peers (low KAO)} 
    & -0.112    & -0.483    & 0.200             & -1.433    & -1.694\TblrNote{+} 
                                                                          & -0.482              \\*
    & (0.733)   & (0.778)   & (0.819)           & (0.933)   & (0.955)     & (1.030)             \\
\SCR    {Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag)\\  \qquad$\times$  MSCI Peers (medium KAO)} 
    & 0.001\TblrNote{+} 
                & 0.002\TblrNote{*} 
                            & 0.001             & 0.001     & 0.001       & -0.001              \\*
   & (0.001)    & (0.001)   & (0.001)           & (0.001)   & (0.001)     & (0.001)             \\
\SCR    {Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag)\\  \qquad$\times$  Ratings Peers (low KAO)} 
    & -0.032    & -0.021    & -0.001            & -0.060\TblrNote{*} 
                                                            & -0.051\TblrNote{*} 
                                                                          & -0.033              \\*
    & (0.024)   & (0.024)   & (0.027)           & (0.025)   & (0.026)     & (0.028)             \\
\SCR    {Log Volatility (ARIMA, lag)\\  \qquad$\times$  Ratings Peers (medium KAO)} 
    & -0.007\TblrNote{+} 
                & -0.006\TblrNote{+} 
                            & -0.006            & 0.005     & 0.004       & 0.004               \\*
    & (0.004)   & (0.004)   & (0.004)           & (0.004)   & (0.004)     & (0.004)             \\
Log Constant GDP (2010 USDB, lag) 
    & 0.005     & 0.006     & 0.008             & 0.007     & 0.008\TblrNote{+} 
                                                                          & 0.011\TblrNote{*}   \\
    & (0.004)   & (0.004)   & (0.005)           & (0.005)   & (0.005)     & (0.005)             \\
Log Constant GDP per capita (2010 USD, lag) 
    &           & 0.030     &                   &           &             &                     \\
    &           & (0.033)   &                   &           &             &                     \\
Trade (\% of GDP, log, lag) 
    &           & 0.028     &                   &           &             &                     \\
    &           & (0.036)   &                   &           &             &                     \\
Inflation (annual \%, lag) 
    &           &           & -0.049\TblrNote{+}&           &             &                     \\
    &           &           & (0.029)           &           &             &                     \\
Real Interest Rate (\%, lag) 
    &           &           & -0.028            &           &             &                     \\
    &           &           & (0.025)           &           &             &                     \\
    \midrule
Varying Intercept: Country 
    & {{{Yes}}} & {{{Yes}}} & {{{Yes}}} & {{{Yes}}} & {{{Yes}}} & {{{Yes}}} \\
Varying Intercept: Year 
    & {{{Yes}}} & {{{Yes}}} & {{{Yes}}} & {{{Yes}}} & {{{Yes}}} & {{{Yes}}} \\
Number of Countries 
    & {{{25}}}  & {{{25}}}  & {{{25}}}  & {{{25}}}  & {{{25}}}  & {{{25}}} \\
Number of Years 
    & {{{21}}}  & {{{20}}}  & {{{20}}}  & {{{21}}}  & {{{20}}}  & {{{20}}} \\
Observations 
    & {{{418}}} & {{{410}}} & {{{377}}} & {{{418}}} & {{{410}}} & {{{377}}} \\
Log Likelihood 
    & {{{155.597}}}     & {{{153.257}}}     & {{{126.733}}} 
                        & {{{130.218}}}     & {{{123.183}}}     & {{{106.594}}}     \\
Akaike Inf. Crit. 
    & {{{-285.195}}}    & {{{-272.513}}}    & {{{-219.467}}} 
                        & {{{-234.435}}}    & {{{-212.366}}}    & {{{-179.187}}}    \\
Bayesian Inf. Crit. 
    & {{{-232.734}}}    & {{{-204.239}}}    & {{{-152.618}}} 
                        & {{{-181.974}}}    & {{{-144.091}}}    & {{{-112.339}}}    \\
    \bottomrule
\end{longtblr}
\end{document}

Related Solutions

[Tex/LaTex] Longtable width exceeds page

I think a source of the problem is that whereas you define the table to have 19 columns in total, you actually only have 13 columns (1 header column and 12 data columns). Fixing this issue -- mainly by getting rid of unnecessary & alignment characters -- lets the table fit into the available space just fine, without having to switch to a smaller font.

By the way, if one uses the rule-drawing commands of the booktabs package, one should not use vertical bars as well, in part because the vertical lines will not join up correctly with the horizontal rules.

(I rotated the image below 90 degrees only to make it easier to display in this space.)

enter image description here

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{lscape,booktabs,longtable}
\begin{document}
\begin{landscape}
\setlength\LTcapwidth{\textwidth} % default: 4in (rather less than \textwidth...)
\setlength\LTleft{0pt}            % default: \parindent
\setlength\LTright{0pt}           % default: \fill
\begin{longtable}{@{}l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}*{12}{c}@{}}
\caption{Multinomial logistic regression results for daily data of the major Eurozone, US, and UK market indices, January 1, 2005, to 20 July, 2012.} \label{grid_mlmmh} \\
\toprule
& \multicolumn{6}{c}{Bottom tails} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Top tails} \\
\cmidrule(r){2-7} \cmidrule(l){8-13} 
% 2 orizonties grammes aristera kai deksia
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{(1)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(2)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(3)} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{(4)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(5)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(6)} \\
\cmidrule(r){2-3}  \cmidrule(lr){4-5}   \cmidrule(lr){6-7} 
\cmidrule(lr){8-9} \cmidrule(lr){10-11} \cmidrule(l){12-13}
% 2 orizonties grammes aristera kai deksia \\
& Coeff & $\Delta$Prob & Coeff & $\Delta$Prob & Coeff & $\Delta$Prob 
& Coeff & $\Delta$Prob & Coeff & $\Delta$Prob & Coeff & $\Delta$Prob \\ 
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\multicolumn{7}{@{}l}%
{{\bfseries \tablename\ \thetable{} --- continued from previous page}} \\
\midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
& \multicolumn{6}{c}{Bottom tails} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Top tails} \\
\cmidrule(r){2-7} \cmidrule(l){8-13} 
% 2 orizonties grammes aristera kai deksia
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{(1)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(2)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(3)} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{(4)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(5)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{(6)} \\
\cmidrule(r){2-3}  \cmidrule(lr){4-5}   \cmidrule(lr){6-7} 
\cmidrule(lr){8-9} \cmidrule(lr){10-11} \cmidrule(l){12-13}
% 2 orizonties grammes aristera kai deksia \\
& Coeff & $\Delta$Prob & Coeff & $\Delta$Prob & Coeff & $\Delta$Prob 
& Coeff & $\Delta$Prob & Coeff & $\Delta$Prob & Coeff & $\Delta$Prob \\ 
\midrule
\endhead
\midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
\multicolumn{13}{r}{Continued on next page} \\ 
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot
PIIGS \\
$\beta_{01}$ (const.) 
& 100 & 0.8 & 0.021 & 0.018 & 0.043 & 0.146 & 0.074 & 0.427 & 0.019 & 0.427 & 0.019 & 0.427 \\ 
Log-likel. \\
Pseudo-$R^{2}$ \\[2ex]
Non-PIIGS \\
$\beta_{01}$ (const.) 
& 100 & 0.8 & 0.021 & 0.018 & 0.043 & 0.146 & 0.074 & 0.427 & 0.019 & 0.427 & 0.019 & 0.427 \\ 
Log-likel.\\
Pseudo-$R^{2}$ \\
\end{longtable}
\end{landscape}
\end{document}

[Tex/LaTex] Longtable exceeds page length

This answer is posted in response to some questions the OP posted to earlier comments. The main point of this posting is to demonstrate that it's possible to create the exact same layout of a "short" table, i.e., one that fits on a single page, using either the longtable environment or the table/tabular environments.

As you compare the differences in code, you'll notice that the each type has some advantages and some disadvantages in terms of "overhead" that's needed to get it going. For instance, a longtable requires you to be diligent about providing formats for the table's headers and footers for both the first (last) page and for the remaining pages. Of course, you only need to provide this information once for a tabular environment. However, for a tabular environment you need to remember to provide the \centering instruction in case you want the material centered, and you need to remember to provide a [h] placement specifier if you want to override LaTeX's float placement algorithm. In contrast, a longtable environment will always try to start "right here", i.e., a [h] specifier is built in.

In the end, I don't think differences in table-creating overhead should determine whether you use one form or the other. Rather, assuming the table fits on a single page, you should decide whether the material of the table should be allowed to be broken across pages or not. If it's supposed to be kept together, you should not use a longtable environment in any case.

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,oneside]{report}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{longtable,booktabs}
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{1\baselineskip} % or whatever is required
\begin{document}
\begin{longtable}{l r l r r}
\caption{Description of Counties in North Coast Region} \label{tab:description1}\\
\toprule
\textsc{County}&\textsc{Founded}&\textsc{Seat}&\textsc{Area (sqm)}&\textsc{Pop 2010}\\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\multicolumn{3}{l}{(continued)}\\
\toprule
\textsc{County}&\textsc{Founded}&\textsc{Seat}&\textsc{Area (sqm)}&\textsc{Pop 2010}\\
\midrule
\endhead
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot

Del Norte&1857&Crescent City&1,008&7,643\\ 
Humboldt&1853&Eureka&3,573&27,191\\ 
Lake&1861&Lakeport&1,258&4,753\\
Mendocino&1850&Ukiah&3,509&16,075\\
Trinity&1850&Weaverville&3,179&3,600\\  
\end{longtable}

\begin{table}[h]
\caption{Description of Counties in North Coast Region} \label{tab:description2}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l r l r r}
\toprule
\textsc{County}&\textsc{Founded}&\textsc{Seat}&\textsc{Area (sqm)}&\textsc{Pop 2010}\\
\midrule
Del Norte&1857&Crescent City&1,008&7,643\\ 
Humboldt&1853&Eureka&3,573&27,191\\ 
Lake&1861&Lakeport&1,258&4,753\\
Mendocino&1850&Ukiah&3,509&16,075\\
Trinity&1850&Weaverville&3,179&3,600\\  
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

%% second table

\begin{longtable}{l l l}
\caption{Coverage for the North Coast Region}
\label{tab:coverage1}\\
\toprule
\textsc{County Name}&\textsc{City}&\textsc{Online Newspaper}\\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\multicolumn{3}{l}{(continued)}\\
\toprule
\textsc{County Name}&\textsc{City}&\textsc{Online Newspaper}\\
\toprule
\endhead
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot

Del Norte&Crescent City&Daily Triplicate\\ 
Humboldt&Eureka&Eureka Times-Standard\\ 
Lake&Lakeport&Lake County News\\
Mendocino&Ukiah&Ukiah Daily Journal\\
&Willits&Willits News\\ 
Trinity&Weaverville&Trinity Journal\\
\end{longtable}

\begin{table}[h]
\caption{Coverage for the North Coast Region}
\label{tab:coverage2}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ l l l }
\toprule
\textsc{County Name}&\textsc{City}&\textsc{Online Newspaper}\\
\midrule
Del Norte&Crescent City&Daily Triplicate\\ 
Humboldt&Eureka&Eureka Times-Standard\\ 
Lake&Lakeport&Lake County News\\
Mendocino&Ukiah&Ukiah Daily Journal\\
&Willits&Willits News\\ 
Trinity&Weaverville&Trinity Journal\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

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