Draw a matrix/array with arrows between rows and between elements

Question

How to draw a matrix/array with arrows between rows and between elements?

Answer 1

You may use the tikzmark library to draw around your matrix. Needs to be compiled twice.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath, tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{tikzmark}

\begin{document}
    \[
    \begin{matrix}
        1 & \tikzmarknode{A}{2} & 3 & 4 & \tikzmarknode{C}{5} \\
        \tikzmarknode{B}{1} & 2 & 3 & 4 & \tikzmarknode{D}{5} \\
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & \tikzmarknode{E}{5} \\
        1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & \tikzmarknode{F}{5} 
    \end{matrix}
    \]
    
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
        \draw[->] (A) -- (B);
        
        \draw[->] (C.-10) to[out=-20, in=20, looseness=2] (D.10);
        \draw[->] (C.-10) to[out=-20, in=180, looseness=1.5] ++ (0.5,-0.25) node[right] {$1$};
        
        \draw[->] (D.-10) to[out=-20, in=20, looseness=2] (E.10);
        \draw[->] (D.-10) to[out=-20, in=180, looseness=1.5] ++ (0.5,-0.25) node[right] {$1$};
        
        \draw[->] (E.-10) to[out=-20, in=20, looseness=2] (F.10);
        \draw[->] (E.-10) to[out=-20, in=180, looseness=1.5] ++ (0.5,-0.25) node[right] {$1$};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}