[Physics] Why does heat engine need to reject energy to environment

efficient-energy-useheat-enginethermodynamics

The most efficient thermodynamics cycle is the Carnot cycle, it involves

1/ Receiving heat from hot source, expanding and doing work on the surround

2/ Receiving work from environment, being compressed and rejecting heat to surround.

So the efficient is limited by $n = \frac{(T_H – T_C)}{T_H}$ where $T_H$ and $T_C$ are absolute temperature of hot and could source.

In the cycle, there is a step where heat engine receiving work from surround, thus lower the total work it can do. The question is, why does heat engine need that, why just ignore that, e.g. don't compress the gas so don't waste that work?

For example, let say we burn oil to heat air, the air is expanded and turn a turbine. We don't compress gas so any heat that air received will do work on the turbine.

By doing so, all received heat will be transfer to work, isn't it?

Why does every heat engine need to re compress gas to do the negative work on the environment?

Best Answer

1)You must have clear on your mind that engines do not work on any thermodynamic cycle.Per example, a diesel engine "consumes" fuel and air and expels an equal amount of exhaust gas. Nothing returns to the beginning. Even a rankine cycle that i saw on comments produces superheated steam and the boiler receives cold water and it is certainly not the same

2)Engines have cooling systems and this is a practical consideration. This is the way to protect the metals or the materials that compose the engine.Engines either reject heat or melt.Nothing prevents from heating an engine instead of cooling it, giving entropy instead of rejecting it except the strength of materials

3)I also want to ask you how an engine that does work ( changes volume ) will expand the working substance (air,gas,steam, anything) without compressing it first.