Rocket Science – Why Are There More Vertical Takeoffs Than Horizontal for Spacecrafts?

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Vertical takeoff requires disposable rockets (would it a satellite rocket), which is a money loss, and also a lot of fuel, because initial velocity is zero. Also vertical takeoff seems risky, involves huge pieces of equipments, launch pads, to diminish risk.

Horizontal takeoff are done with a reusable aircraft, like a modified 747. Initial velocity not being zero, there are much less risk, and the fuel spent in a 747 is much less expensive than a disposable rocket.

So, Why are there more vertical takeoff than horizontal for spacecrafts?

Best Answer

A 747 - can get you to around 35,000 feet. Still very much within the atmosphere.

So what do you do then? Launching a rocket from that point still requires an awful lot of kit, so while you have reduced your propellant requirements a little, the 747 still has to carry a launch platform, so you're not really getting anything out of this.

New technologies, such as that used by Virgin Galactic is managing to make this work, hopefully, with a hybrid model that does fly up to around 50,000 feet before launching the spacecraft section, but this is very new.

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So the simple answer is - it used to require vertical rocket launches, and all the associated paraphernalia, but modern technology is moving towards fully reusable methods such as this.