An inertial frame of reference is a frame of reference which is not accelerating. All laws of physics are the same measured from an inertial frame of reference.
A rest frame is a frame of reference where a particle is at rest.
Does this mean that a rest frame could possibly be non-inertial (that is, accelerating), but the particle with respect to his rest frame would have a velocity of $0$? What kind of velocity? And what exactly would it mean to be at rest with respect to a possibly accelerating frame of reference?
What are the differences and relations between rest frame and inertial reference frame?
Best Answer
Yes, a rest frame can be accelerated. Right at this moment I am seat at rest with respect to the Earth. However Earth itself is accelerated.
A rest frame associated to a particle will be inertial if the particle is free, i.e. it does not interact with anything. This is actually the first Newton's law and it gives a definition of an inertial frame.