[Physics] the relation of sound propagation to air pressure

acousticspressure

I am wondering, air makes sound propagate. So in a vacuum there is no sound, but what is the relation of pressure to sound volume? Is it linear?

If I have a source of sound and let's say I am in a room with an air pressure half of the pressure outside, would the sound be 0.5 lighter? Or does air pressure have no impact on the sound volume?

Is there a comprehensible formula for that?

Best Answer

The sound intensity is

$I = \xi^2 \omega^2 c \rho$

where $\xi$ is the particle displacement, $\omega$ the frequency, $c$ the speed of sound and $\rho$ the density of the medium.

What does this mean?

You're in a room where the pressure is lower (and so the density of air is also lower). Say that your sound source (string, speaker or whatever) is vibrating with the same amplitude and frequency, so $\xi$ and $\omega$ don't change. The speed of sound is roughly independent of the pressure. So your sound intensity will be roughly proportional to the density of the air, or proportional to the pressure.