[Physics] The relation between frequency and energy of EM waves

classical-electrodynamicselectromagnetic-radiationphotonsquantum mechanics

In quantum theory,

$$E=\hbar \omega.$$

In classical theory, we have the Poynting vector:
$$\vec{S}=\frac{1}{\mu_0}\vec{E}_0\times\vec{B}_0\cos^2(kr-\omega t).$$
Given that $S$ is the energy flux density (the rate of energy transfer per unit area), it seems to me that frequency cannot have an effect on energy larger than the factor of one.

Is this prediction of classical theory different from quantum theory?

Best Answer

No, because we can think of the classical wave as being made up of a large number of photons. If we have a low-frequency wave with the same energy as a high-frequency wave, it simply means that there are a larger number of low-energy photons.

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