I was studying for my AP Physics test when I came across the following problem, which seemed to confuse me:
The ramp is frictionless, and the spring is initially at it's relaxed length, and the angle is $\theta = 45^{\circ}$.
I worked through this by considering the potential energy lost as the kinetic energy gained just before the mass hits the spring, with the equation
$mgh = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$,
and plugging in the known values, getting:
$40\cdot9.8\cdot\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 40 \cdot v^2$,
to solve for $v$, which gives $v = 5.25 \frac{m}{s}$. However, I am unsure whether this is the correct answer, as I am unsure when the maximum speed occurs. If it exists after the compression of the spring, how do I go about calculating it?
Thank you.
Best Answer
The motion of the box along the slope is dictated by two forces which act parallel to the slope. The component of the weight of the box down the slope which acts all the time and the force up the slope due to the spring which acts only when the box is in contact with the spring.
As long as there is a net force down the slope the speed of the box will increase.
Once that net force is up the slope the box will slow down .
So at some stage in the motion of the box the net force on the box along the slope will be zero, the acceleration of the box will be zero, the box will be moving with maximum speed.
So make the component of weight down the slope equal in magnitude to the magnitude of the force up the slope due to the spring being compressed an amount $x_o$.
At this point the box has moved $d+x_o$ along the slope and so you can now use energy conservation to find the maximum speed of the box.