[Physics] Is the Higgs field needed to explain the mass of the electron

electronshiggsmassstandard-model

The self energy of the electron can be represented in two ways:

  1. the energy required to bring a charge distribution from infinity to the size of the electron (assuming it is a point charge with no other structure)
  2. the work required for the electron to move against its own electric field.

In the second instance, the action of accelerating the electron against its own field could define its mass (also assuming the problems of infinities are eliminated by the vacuum polarization at the quantum level). There does not need to be interaction with any other particles in that the action against its own field produces photons.

Why would a separate Higgs field be needed if the mass could be defined by the electron's own electric field?

Best Answer

The mass of a fundamental particle turns out to be quite an elusive concept, because massless particles act as a source of gravity and they carry momentum. What then is special about mass?

Where mass comes in is in explaining the relationship between the total energy of a particle and its momentum. For any particle we have the expression for the total energy:

$$ E^2 = p^2 c^2 + m^2 c^4 \tag{1} $$

where $m$ is a parameter that we call the rest mass. It's the parameter $m$ that the Higgs mechanism gives us.

I can't see any way that either of the options you mention could usefully describe the value of the parameter $m$ in equation (1). For example, why would the electron, muon and tau have such different rest masses when they are all (as far as we know) point particles with the same charge?

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