electromagnetismmagnetic fields
Based on the closed loops rule, an iron bar inside a solenoid that has its poles aligned with the solenoid magnetic field, will have magnetic field lines around it that flow in direction opposite to magnetic field inside solenoid. Will that cause the solenoid and the iron bar to repel at the sides, while they attract along the solenoid length?
A solenoid induces a magnetic field in the iron bar kept inside it. This is not the same as inserting a permanent bar magnet inside the solenoid.
The induced magnetic field is in the same direction as the original magnetic field. One way of thinking about this is that the domains in the iron bar line up with the external field, producing a net magnetic field in the same direction as the original.
However if you consider a permanent bar magnet kept in a solenoid, and the solenoid was large enough such that the bar magnet could rotate in any arbitrary direction, once the solenoid is switched on, the bar magnet will align itself with the solenoid's field. This has to do with minimizing the energy in the magnetic field. The energy is given by $$ E = - m .\vec{B} $$
so clearly if $m$ and $B$ are in the same direction, it is a lower energy configuration than if $m$ and $B$ are in opposite directions.
By applying Fleming's Right Hand in each turn, we get magnetic field lines that look like this :-
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But Magnetic field lines never intersect. They interact with the fieds of the surrounding turns of solenoid to form a combined magnetic field which looks like this:-
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From www.nde-ed.org :-
The magnetic field circling each loop of wire combines with the fields from the other loops to produce a concentrated field down the centre of the coil. A loosely wound coil is illustrated to show the interaction of the magnetic field. The magnetic field is essentially uniform down the length of the coil when it is wound tighter.
If the loops or turns are extremely close to each other, magnetic field lines between neighbouring turns effectively cancel, resulting in straight magnetic fields inside the solenoid, similar magnetic fields inside a bar magnet :-
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The magnetic field lines around (a) a bar magnet and (b) a current carrying solenoid :-
EDIT
As in the case of bar-magnets, the magnetic field is stronger inside the solenoid than outside it. Magnetic field lines are closely packed inside the solenoid, and magnetic field is concentrated into a nearly uniform magnetic field inside the solenoid. The magnetic fields outside are weak and spread out.
ATTRIBUTION
The first three diagrams are snipped from a video available on YouTube: Concepts in physics - Electromagnetism
Best Answer
The field induced in a ferromagnetic bar would be in the direction indicated on your sketch. Beyond that, the net force (or torque) on a magnetic dipole (atomic or extended) which is lined up with an external uniform magnetic field is zero.