When a neutrino traveling through ice hits and interacts with an oxygen atom, muons are created.
Cherenkov radiation can be created when muons travel through ice faster than light and create a coherent shock wave with some high frequent radiation.
As a charged particle (e.g. muons) travels, it disrupts the local electromagnetic field in its medium. In particular, the medium becomes electrically polarized by the particle's electric field.
But why can muons travel faster than light through ice while it probably has more interaction with the atoms because of his mass of 105,66 MeV/c² and charge?
Best Answer
The first thing to understand is that light moves slower in a material medium than in a vacuum. The ratio of the speed in vacuum to the speed in the material is called the "index of refraction" of the material.
Only the speed of light in vacuum represents the cosmic speed limit.
The muons don't move faster than "the speed of light", they move faster than "the speed of light in ice" which is allowed.
Secondly the $106 \,\mathrm{MeV/c^2}$ is not the muon's charge but its mass. A muon's charge is the same as that of an electron: $e = 1.602 \times 10^{-19}\,\mathrm{C}$.