I know that electrons' only interaction with the higgs field is due to ambidextrousness and the weak hypercharge which is provided by the higgs boson, but how do quarks (specifically up and down) interact if they are confined by gluons and therefore have a fixed chirality? How do they have mass to?
[Physics] How do quarks interact with the Higgs field
chiralityelectronshiggsquarksstandard-model
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I will try to address your question, though, as David says in the comments, it is evident that you have very little background in elementary particle physics. I will bring over an event much simpler than a display of an event that could show a Higgs particle decay.
Here is a simple antiproton annihilation event whose end particles are recorded by their passage through a bubble chamber which also has a magnetic field perpendicular to the picture. The antiproton enters from below and hits a proton which is at rest, so not visible, in the bubble chamber liquid. It annihilates and eight pions come out, their momentum measured by the curvature, their mass by the ionisation track.
Where is the Higgs field in this picture? It permeates everything and at the point of interaction when the pions materialize it has supplied the masses to the quarks and antiquarks that they are made up of.
The simulated Higgs event display you have attached shows the decay products of the Higgs Boson. This particle is predicted by the Standard Model and it is necessary to find and confirm it in order to validate the SM. It appears because a Higgs field exists, but it is a particle in the data set of particles predicted and mostly found by the SM. In the real experiment, a number of events
with two photons, for example, have been accumulated so that the claim of seeing a Higgs like particle has been established statistically.
A lot of work remains to make sure that the bump seen has really the decay branching ratios and spin and statistics expected from the SM before the discovery of the Higgs boson is established unequivocally. Then we could state with some certainty that the Standard Model which depends on the existence of a Higgs field is validated.
So it should be clear that each individual event is not like a spider that can be dissected. It is an instant of the materialization of the fields and the experiment has to accumulate enough events to statistically establish an observation that validates a hypothesis.
It is a non-issue, predicated on two conventions.
The historical convention defines it as $ Y_{\rm W} = 2(Q - T_3)$, as in the Gell-Mann—Nishijima formula of the strong interactions——for a conserved quantity. There, it was frequently used for strange particles, so the hypercharge could get to be 2, —2, etc... and a normalization like this one was warranted. In the weak interactions, thus, the weak hypercharge is defined as twice the average charge of a weak isomultiplet (where the average $T_3$ vanishes).
However, the more practical younger generation use $ Y_{\rm W} = (Q - T_3)$, instead, so the average charge of the isomultiplet, so, e.g., for right-handed fermions, weak isosinglets, the hypercharge is the charge, without daffy gratuitous 2s in the way. But it is only a matter of convention, and references such as the one you quote also specify the convention, as they should.
- Response to comment on conventions Recall both the Higgs entry in WP (Peskin & Shroeder conventions), and Srednicki's text are "modern", so the hypercharge is the average charge of the weak isomultiplet. Since, however, P&S put the v.e.v. downstairs in the Higgs doublet, that is the neutral component, so the upper one is charge +1, hence hypercharge 1/2. By contrast, Srednicki puts the v.e.v. upstairs, (87.4), so the lower component has charge -1, hence hypercharge -1/2. The averaging halves the units since one of the two components is neutral! A rule of thumb: to unconfuse yourself on such conventions, always, always , always , write down the Yukawa term that generates a mass for the charged lepton through its v.e.v. and monitor the charges and hypercharges of all fields, so the term conserves charge and hypercharge--as I'm sure you were trained to do in class.
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This blog post is a good one to get a feeling of the Higgs mechanism.
One should definitely separate the Higgs field from the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson is an elementary particle , attendant to the existence of the Higgs field as its excitation, and acquires its mass as all the other particles in the standard model table.
The Higgs field that gives the elementary particle masses in contrast to all the other fields posited by field theory, which are zero everywhere unless a "particle" exists as an excitation of the field, is nonzero everywhere.
Please read the link to understand that the masses are not acquired by interaction of the type "Higgs+electron" or "Higgs + quark" Feynman vertices, but by the change in the basic vacuum expectation value through which the other fields, photon, electron etc , exist and move.
So chirality has nothing to do with the acquisition of mass from the quarks and the other fermions through the Higgs mechanism. (In any case chirality is definite only for zero mass fermions , whether quarks or leptons.)