Nope, an electromagnetic wave is not a vibration of charged particles. It's a vibration of the electromagnetic field. So in order for an EM wave to propagate through space, you don't need any particles in the space; all you need is an electromagnetic field, and it certainly is the case that an EM field fills all of space. (That's the physical definition of a field, in fact: something that associates a value with every point in space) Vibration of a charged particle can start an electromagnetic wave, just like shaking the end of a rope can start an oscillation in the rope, but once it's started, the wave keeps propagating regardless of what happens to the particle.
The scenario you're describing, where vibrating protons transmit energy to one another, is really more like a sound wave.
One thing that bears mentioning: quantum field theory does predict that electromagnetic waves can cause vacuum polarization, which you can (roughly) think of as particle-antiparticle pairs popping in and out of existence throughout space as the wave passes through. But the wave is not carried by vibrations of these particles, so the existence vacuum polarization doesn't change what I said in my first paragraph.
Are the EM fields really moving.
Classically, electromagnetic waves are propagating disturbances in the electric and magnetic fields.
Remember, the electric field of a point charge extends to infinity. It does not simply stop somewhere.
When the point charge is briefly accelerated, a disturbance in the field (and the associated magnetic field) propagates with speed c outward away from the point charge.
The disturbance will continue to propagate even after the point charge has stopped accelerating; the disturbance has "a life of its own".
There's a nice applet for visualizing this here:
But, do keep in mind that we must ultimately understand electromagnetic radiation in terms of photons and that requires quantum field theory.
So EM waves are just Changes in electric fields that seem to propogate
along space.
As I wrote above: electromagnetic waves are propagating disturbances in the electric and magnetic fields. Now, how and why does that happen?
But i have seen people on this site saying it happens
because of continous induction of Electric and Magnetic Field. How can
i relate both of these?
Think carefully about what I wrote above: the disturbance has "a life of its own" and think about how that might be.
Best Answer
This is a question that was drastically changed and the other answer and the comments to the question and the answer are discordant with the edited question.
I already advised in the comment that you read a simplified article in wikipedia on electromagnetic radiation. Classical electromagnetic radiation cannot be simplified easily by analogies. I will try to explain with the quantum mechanical framework which is the underlying framework for all physics, classical theories emerge from this framework smoothly.
The electromagnetic wave is composed by a huge number of photons. Photons are elementary particles, they have zero mass, are point particles and their energy is characterized by the frequency of the classical wave we observe macroscopically, given by
In addition photons obey the Maxwell Electromagnetic equations in their quantum mechanical form. This means except their spin and energy they are characterized also by the vector potential entering the Maxwell equations.
You must have no problem accepting how a single photon can travel in space, even in vacuum. It is a quantum mechanical particle which will go in a straight line if it finds nothing to interact with. Single photons have been measured by making laser beams very faint so that only one hit happens on the detector at a time. They even have commercial single photon detectors.
The question goes into how zillions of photons can build up the electromagnetic waves that come to us from the stars, for example. They add up in a similar way that water molecules add up and make up streams, except in smaller dimensions and faster times. A stream of photons arrives continuously from those stars with the impetus given when they left so long ago.
If the light is coherent, i.e. the disparate constants describing each photon mathematically have a fixed phase , the individual fields, E and B described macroscopically with a wave equation, can be seen schematically:
The wave is built up by zillions of photons in step so that their spins, and other constants describing them build up the macroscopic wave, even though it is made up of all these elementary particles, all going in a straight line unless they hit something on the way.